Effects of leaf blast on growth and production of a rice crop

Bastiaans, L.

doi:10.1007/bf01974313

Cited by 30 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…), suggesting that foliar fungi have greatest effects on their host plants at low plant diversity. The decline in foliar N in subplots where fungi were removed in the current experiment, particularly at low diversity, is consistent with past studies which have shown that foliar fungal diseases can cause N retention in diseased leaves (Bastiaans ; Garry et al . ; Gooding et al .…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

“…For example, the severity of infection by species-specific foliar fungi declines with increasing plant diversity (Mitchell, Tilman & Groth 2002;Rottstock et al 2014), suggesting that foliar fungi have greatest effects on their host plants at low plant diversity. The decline in foliar N in subplots where fungi were removed in the current experiment, particularly at low diversity, is consistent with past studies which have shown that foliar fungal diseases can cause N retention in diseased leaves (Bastiaans 1993;Garry et al 1996;Gooding et al 2005). Taken together, these results suggest that the magnitude of the effect of foliar fungi on host foliar chemistry depends on the intensity of the fungal-host interaction.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

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Food‐web composition and plant diversity control foliar nutrient content and stoichiometry

et al. 2015

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Summary The content and ratio of nutrients in plants can be constrained by a wide array of factors, including nutrient supply, light intensity, herbivory, infection or intrinsic growth rate and can, in turn, affect many ecosystem processes including photosynthesis, decomposition, resource limitation and nutrient cycling. Studies of plant stoichiometry and stoichiometric homeostasis have focused primarily on the role of nutrient supply as a constraint on plant tissue chemistry, yet recent work suggests that local plant diversity, plant species composition and consumers may change the nutrient composition of whole plant communities. By experimentally removing insects, foliar fungi and soil fungi from a long‐term experiment manipulating plant diversity, we found that the foliar stoichiometry of individual plant species depends on biotic context. Local plant diversity and the composition of the consumer community each altered foliar tissue carbon and nutrient chemistry of four different grassland species. The greatest impacts of consumers on foliar chemistry occurred at low plant diversity, and these changes induced by altering the food web were of a similar magnitude to the effects of fertilization or drought found in previous work. Consumers and plant diversity acted primarily on foliar carbon and nitrogen, whereas changes in foliar phosphorus were associated with the productivity of the local plant community. Thus, changes in whole‐community stoichiometry that have been documented in response to alterations of the consumer food web or plant community are underlain by stoichiometric changes in individual species as well as plant species compositional changes. Synthesis. These results suggest a new pathway by which loss of consumer or plant diversity may significantly impact the wide variety of ecosystem processes that depend on foliar nutrient content.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Food‐web composition and plant diversity control foliar nutrient content and stoichiometry

et al. 2015

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“…The effects of diseases on crop growth and yield can be predicted by understanding the physiological changes in a pathogen's host during the infection process [30]. Photosynthesis is the key physiological process affected by foliar pathogens [14,31] and proper assessment of photosynthesis in plants infected by pathogens can provide crucial insight into the mechanisms underlying hostpathogen interactions [32].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photosynthetic and antioxidative alterations in coffee leaves caused by epoxiconazole and pyraclostrobin sprays and Hemileia vastatrix infection

Júnior

Zambolim

Aucique‐Pérez

et al. 2015

Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology

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Coffee leaf rust (CLR), caused by Hemileia vastatrix, is a major disease affecting coffee production worldwide. In this study, an in-depth analysis of the photosynthetic performance of coffee leaves challenged or not with H. vastatrix and sprayed with either epoxiconazole (EPO) or pyraclostrobin (PYR) was performed by combining chlorophyll a fluorescence images, photosynthetic pigment pools and the activities of chitinase (CHI), β-1,3-glucanase (GLU), peroxidase (POX) and catalase (CAT). The CLR severity was higher in the control plants, but reduced in plants sprayed with both PYR and EPO. Also, the CLR severity was reduced in plants sprayed with PYR compared with plants sprayed with EPO. Plants sprayed with either EPO or PYR showed maximal photosystem II quantum efficiency (Fv/Fm) values ranging from 0.78 to 0.80, which were quite similar to those obtained with inoculated plants (values ranging from 0.74 to 0.77). The decreases in the Fv/Fm ratio values and parallel increases in the F0 values in the inoculated plants, which were not observed in the control plants (sprayed with water) and were confirmed by images of the initial fluorescence (F0) and Fv/Fm parameters in the regions of the leaf tissue containing pustules and in the asymptomatic leaf tissue, indicated that photosynthesis was negatively impacted. When effective photosystem II quantum yield (Y(II)) values approached zero with a high photosynthetic photon flux density, high values of quantum yield of regulated energy dissipation (Y(NPQ)) in association with a high carotenoid concentration were noted in the inoculated plants sprayed either with PYR or EPO. The increased CLR severity in inoculated plants in contrast to inoculated plants sprayed with either PYR or EPO was associated with greater POX activity and a reduced photosynthetic pigment concentration. POX and CAT activities were increased in inoculated plants sprayed with either EPO or PYR when compared with control plants. CHI and GLU activities were maintained at high levels in the leaves of inoculated plants, regardless of the fungicide sprayed, indicating that CHI and GLU are less important for coffee resistance against CLR. The results of the present study clearly demonstrated that plants sprayed with either EPO or PYR showed milder CLR symptoms with adequate photosynthetic performance and optimal conditioning of their antioxidant systems.

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“…At heading and during grain filling stages of the rice plant nitrogenous compounds may increase, decrease or cease, depending on the environmental conditions, cultivar, and/or nitrogen fertilizer rate of which may influence rice blast incidence (Wilson et al,1990;Norman et al, 1992). Bastiaans, (1993) reported that rice blast disease reduced nitrogen uptake before flowering and increased relative contribution of the stem to the overall nitrogen reallocation during the grain filling stage. Other studies by Koutroubas et al (2008) showed that when rice plant is inoculated with blast fungus, nitrogen utilization efficiency for both yield and biomass production was reduced.…”

Section: Nitrogenmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of the Rice Blast Diseases (Pyricularia Oryzae) Response to Nitrogen and Silicon Fertilizers

Fetene¹

2019

International Journal of Research Studies in Agricultural Scien

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The rice blast disease, caused by a fungus Pyricularia oryzae (Cavara), is a worldwide problem in rice and is dangerous because of its yield loss potential ranging up to 100% under favourable conditions. Blast development is favoured by thick stands and high nitrogen rates which increase canopy thickness. With this in mind it indicated that some fertilizer application may have a negative or positive response of plants toward the disease. High rate of nitrogen fertilization has been found to increase the severity of the rice blast disease to a great extent as compared to the low nitrogen rate. In contrast, high rate of silicon fertilization reduces the severity of the disease and vice versa. Therefore, nutrition management is one of the most important practices for high production system that may affect response of rice to blast disease.

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Effects of leaf blast on growth and production of a rice crop

Cited by 30 publications

References 10 publications

Food‐web composition and plant diversity control foliar nutrient content and stoichiometry

Food‐web composition and plant diversity control foliar nutrient content and stoichiometry

Photosynthetic and antioxidative alterations in coffee leaves caused by epoxiconazole and pyraclostrobin sprays and Hemileia vastatrix infection

Review of the Rice Blast Diseases (Pyricularia Oryzae) Response to Nitrogen and Silicon Fertilizers

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