Effects of lead acetate exposure on metabolic enzyme activities in selected tissues of common carp (Cyprinus carpio)

Toxicity Evaluation of Pharmaceutical Wastewater to the Nile Tilapia (<i>Oreochromis niloticus</i>)

“…A study [40] has reported that increased ALT and AST levels suggest increased proteolysis, enhanced protein catabolism and hepatocellular damage in the organism. Another set of studies [41] observed a significant increase in the levels of AST and ALT in animals treated with lead and nickel respectively. Similarly, it was reported that praziquantel, a pharmaceutical drug, caused an elevation in the levels of AST and ALT in C. gariepinus [42].…”

Effects of dietary glycine administration on biochemical responses to ammonia toxicity in common carp, Cyprinus carpio

“…In this study, ammonia exposure increased the key transaminase enzymes, ALT and AST activity in the blood. Both ALT and AST are found in high concentration in liver and kidney of common carp (Baghshani & Shahsavani, 2013), and their activities in blood are markers of impaired tissue and/or organ health (Ghelichpour et al, 2017). Previous studies indicate that ammonia exposure leads to increases in AST and ALT activity in common carp and other species (Yousefi, Vatnikov, et al, 2021; Yousefi et al, 2020).…”

Development of a Novel Ex-vivo 3D Model to Screen Amoebicidal Activity on Infected Tissue

“…Since hepatotoxicity is an adverse reaction that may be induced by novel compounds being studied, models capable of predicting hepatic toxicity are necessary. Given that ALT and AST enzymes are considered as sensitive biochemical indicators of cellular injury and metabolic disturbances 65 we determined both enzyme levels on the hepatic slices treated with the synthetic compounds and metronidazole. Increased levels of ALT and AST enzymes indicate a toxicological effect of the tested compounds 66 , therefore, their increase in tissues treated with T-011 confirm the cytotoxicity found on Vero cells (IC 50 = 5.86 µM) and their lower selectivity (SI 16.74) compared to tissues treated with T-001 and T-016, which are not toxic to Vero cells and exhibited higher selectivity (SI > 65).…”

“…Cell-specific biomarkers analyzed included AST (aspartate aminotransferase) and ALT (alanine aminotransferase) for liver parenchyma. ALT and AST are enzymes considered as sensitive biochemical indicators used to evaluate cellular injury, metabolic disturbances, and enzyme inactivation or induction by exogenous chemicals; and their presence in the liver effluent is a reflection of hepatocyte lysis as consequence of chronic inflammation and other sources of liver injury 65,77 . To evaluate the possible tissue toxicity of the synthetic compounds, liver slices were incubated for 24 h in the presence of the same concentrations used in the infection assays.…”