Effects of Laser Spot Size on the Mechanical Properties of AISI 420 Stainless Steel Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting

Yang, Xi; Jiang, Chongming; Ho, Jeng Rong; Tung, Pi Cheng; Lin, Chih Kuang

doi:10.3390/ma14164593

Cited by 18 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…The rapid melting and solidification processes involved several crystallization processes, which led to the formation of observable micrograins, as shown in Figure 8a. Within each micrograin, several distinct subgrains and laths could be observed, which are consistent with the findings reported in the literature [8,32,33]. The average size of the micrograins and subgrains was estimated to be around 11 ± 3 µm and 1.2 ± 0.4 µm, respectively.…”

Section: Microstructures Of Slm Samplessupporting

confidence: 91%

Enhancing Mechanical and Corrosion Properties of AISI 420 with Titanium-Nitride Reinforcement through High-Power-Density Selective Laser Melting Using Two-Stage Mixed TiN/AISI 420 Powder

et al. 2023

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This study investigates the effect of laser volume energy density (VED) on the properties of AISI 420 stainless steel and TiN/AISI 420 composite manufactured by selective laser melting (SLM). The composite contained 1 wt.% TiN and the average diameters of AISI 420 and TiN powders were 45 µm and 1 µm, respectively. The powder for SLMing the TiN/AISI 420 composite was prepared using a novel two-stage mixing scheme. The morphology, mechanical, and corrosion properties of the specimens were analyzed, and their correlations with microstructures were investigated. The results showed that the surface roughness of both SLM samples decreases with increasing VED, while relative densities greater than 99% were achieved at VEDs higher than 160 J/mm3. The SLM AISI 420 specimen fabricated at a VED of 205 J/mm3 exhibited the highest density of 7.7 g/cm3, tensile strength (UTS) of 1270 MPa, and elongation of 3.86%. The SLM TiN/AISI 420 specimen at a VED of 285 J/mm3 had a density of 7.67 g/cm3, UTS of 1482 MPa, and elongation of 2.72%. The microstructure of the SLM TiN/AISI 420 composite displayed a ring-like micro-grain structure consisting of retained austenite on the grain boundary and martensite in the grain. The TiN particles strengthened the mechanical properties of the composite by accumulating along the grain boundary. The mean hardnesses of the SLM AISI 420 and TiN/AISI 420 specimens were 635 and 735 HV, respectively, which exceeded previously reported results. The SLM TiN/AISI 420 composite exhibited excellent corrosion resistance in both 3.5 wt.% NaCl and 6 wt.% FeCl3 solutions, with a resulting corrosion rate as low as 11 µm/year.

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Section: Microstructures Of Slm Samplessupporting

confidence: 91%

Enhancing Mechanical and Corrosion Properties of AISI 420 with Titanium-Nitride Reinforcement through High-Power-Density Selective Laser Melting Using Two-Stage Mixed TiN/AISI 420 Powder

et al. 2023

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“…There are numerous AM process variables, e.g., beam parameters [ 1 , 2 , 3 ], scanning parameters (pattern, speed, power) [ 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ], powder characteristics and distribution [ 11 , 12 , 13 ], which can induce internal defects and largely affect the surface roughness. For example, Yang et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, Yang et al. [ 1 ] showed that balling, un-overlapped defects, large re-heated zone, and large sub-grain size occur due to use of a large laser spot with low volumetric energy density in LPBF manufacturing of AISI 420 stainless steel (SS) parts. Whip et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predictive model to design for high cycle fatigue of stainless steels produced by metal additive manufacturing

Serjouei

Afazov²

2022

Heliyon

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“…Note that 420 martensitic stainless steel has also been of significant interest in SLM, since its properties are suitable for specific applications, due to its high strength and corrosion resistance [ 18 ]. Consequently, many studies have been published concerning the microstructure, mechanical properties, and roughness of these stainless steels, produced by SLM ([ 19 , 20 , 21 ] −316L, [ 22 , 23 , 24 ]−630, [ 25 , 26 , 27 ]−420). SS 440C is also a martensitic stainless steel, but has high carbon content; it is used in applications where high hardness and corrosion resistance are necessary, such as bearings, knives and automotive parts [ 28 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selective Laser Melting and Mechanical Properties of Stainless Steels

Gatões

Alves

et al. 2022

Materials

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Metal additive manufacturing (AM) has been evolving in response to industrial and social challenges. However, new materials are hindered in these technologies due to the complexity of direct additive manufacturing technologies, particularly selective laser melting (SLM). Stainless steel (SS) 316L, due to its very low carbon content, has been used as a standard powder in SLM, highlighting the role of alloying elements present in steels. However, reliable research on the chemical impact of carbon content in steel alloys has been rarely conducted, despite being the most prevalent element in steel. Considering the temperatures involved in the SLM process, the laser–powder interaction can lead to a significant carbon decrease, whatever the processing atmosphere. In the present study, four stainless steels with increasing carbon content—AISI 316L, 630 (17-4PH), 420 and 440C—were processed under the same SLM parameters. In addition to roughness and surface topography, the relationship with the microstructure (including grain size and orientation), defects and mechanical properties (hardness and tensile strength) were established, highlighting the role of carbon. It was shown that the production by SLM of stainless steels with similar packing densities and different carbon contents does not oblige the changing of processing parameters. Moreover, alterations in material response in stainless steels produced under the same volumetric energy density mainly result from microstructural evolution during the process.

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Effects of Laser Spot Size on the Mechanical Properties of AISI 420 Stainless Steel Fabricated by Selective Laser Melting

Cited by 18 publications

References 34 publications

Enhancing Mechanical and Corrosion Properties of AISI 420 with Titanium-Nitride Reinforcement through High-Power-Density Selective Laser Melting Using Two-Stage Mixed TiN/AISI 420 Powder

Enhancing Mechanical and Corrosion Properties of AISI 420 with Titanium-Nitride Reinforcement through High-Power-Density Selective Laser Melting Using Two-Stage Mixed TiN/AISI 420 Powder

Predictive model to design for high cycle fatigue of stainless steels produced by metal additive manufacturing

Selective Laser Melting and Mechanical Properties of Stainless Steels

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