Effects of Laser‐Scribed Mo Groove Shape on Highly Efficient Zn(O,S)‐Based Cu(In,Ga)Se₂ Solar Modules

Abstract

In this work, the effects of the Mo groove (P1 line) shape on the quality and performance of final modules are investigated. A gradual sloped Mo edge is successfully realized by controlling the laser beam parameters and incidence directions. As a comparison, a sharp vertical Mo edge is also investigated. With the traditional sharp vertical groove shape, voids, cracks, and peel‐offs near the abrupt step edge of P1 lines are often found to grow within the Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) layer and induce unwanted growth behavior of the transparent conducting oxide (TCO) layer. With the sloped groove shape, conformal growth with a continuous surface for CIGS, Zn(O,S) buffer, and Al:ZnO TCO layers without cracks and peel‐offs at the P1 position from the ablated glass region to the pristine Mo region is successfully realized. The suppression of voids, cracks, and peel‐offs in the CIGS layer effectively reduces the number of shunting pathways for the solar modules and helps to greatly improve the fill factor and efficiency of Zn(O,S)‐based CIGS modules. Finally, a Zn(O, S)‐based CIGS module of 16.3% efficiency is obtained with a cell width of 7 mm after use of MgF2 antireflective coating.

Scalable two-terminal all-perovskite tandem solar modules with a 19.1% efficiency

“…Having employed only scalable deposition techniques (blade coating and vacuum deposition) for all 12 layers of the fabricated 2TPT-SMs, the feasibility of upscaling this technology is proven. The demonstrated GFF of our tandem module is comparable to other thin-film PV technologies, such as tandem thin-film silicon photovoltaics (~98% GFF) 29 and CIGS photovoltaics (~93% GFF) 55 . It is noteworthy that the laser set-up applied in this work uses a rather conventional and inexpensive nanosecond laser that is less complex than the widely used picosecond or femtosecond lasers for thin-film solar module patterning in laboratory-scale modules.…”

Surface Engineering of Submicron Cu(In,Ga)Se2 for High-Efficient Zn(O,S)-Based Solar Cells with Lower Light Soaking Effects

“…First, a 30 nm Zn­(O,S) layer was deposited on the CIGS surface based on the CBD method. For details, please refer to our previous works. ,,, After that, 50 nm Zn 0.74 Mg 0.26 O and 300 nm Al/ZnO layers were deposited by using RF sputtering as the window layer of the device. Finally, an electron beam-vaporized Al grid was used as the electrode to form the complete device.…”

Laser Scribing of Photovoltaic Solar Thin Films: A Review

“…Using glass-side laser ablation produced more delamination and microcracks due to the pressure created by the plasma expansion, which caused shockwave formation, film deformation, and brittle material cracking. New findings show that crack formation can also depend on the obtained groove profile; groove shapes with sharp vertical edges are more prone to void formation, cracking, and peeling-off in the deposited material than gradually sloped edge scribes [54]. It has been shown that even employing ultrashort pulse lasers could n eliminate these defects for a-Si P2 scribing [98,99].…”

“…Scribe depth selectivity and cross-sectional profile Selective laser scribing is an essential feature of assessing the scribe quality, which is strongly impacted by laser parameters [54]. It has been referred to as a scribing process in which a desired depth or layer is ablated entirely without removing or damaging the underlying material [29].…”