Effects of lanthanum on hot deformation behaviour of Mn-Cr-Mo bainitic rail steel

Bao, Xirong; Jun-an, Wang; Wang, Xiaodong; Guo, Feng; Liu, Yongzhen

doi:10.1016/j.jre.2018.03.002

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Where, M is the Taylor factor which is 0.5, α is a constant which is 0.24, as for bainite steel, G is the shear modulus which is 7.9×10 4 Mpa, b is the Burger vector which is 2.5×10 À 7 mm.…”

Section: Lanthanum Effects On Ultrafine Substructuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rare earth addition in steel is a promising approach for improving the quality of steel [1,2]. Rare earth effects on the hot deformation and transformation behaviors of bainite steels have been reported recently [3][4][5][6][7][8]. The results show that rare earth increase the flow stress through strengthening nanoscale strain induced precipitation during the hot deformation and refine the dynamic recrystallization microstructure, which results in the improvement of hot workability [3,4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rare earth effects on the hot deformation and transformation behaviors of bainite steels have been reported recently [3][4][5][6][7][8]. The results show that rare earth increase the flow stress through strengthening nanoscale strain induced precipitation during the hot deformation and refine the dynamic recrystallization microstructure, which results in the improvement of hot workability [3,4]. As for the transformation behavior, a kind of refined microstructure consisted of less and shorter bainite ferrite plates with fine subunits can be obtained due to rare earth segregation, which is conducive to the improvement of strength and toughness [5][6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Micro‐alloying effects of lanthanum in thermo‐mechanical control process of manganese‐chromium‐molybdenum bainite rail steel

Wang,

Ma,

Bao

et al. 2024

Materialwissenschaft Werkst

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Micro‐alloying effects of lanthanum in thermo‐mechanical control process of manganese‐chromium‐molybdenum bainite rail steel are investigated through experimental simulation and microstructural characterization. The results show that the deformation strengthening effect is fully exerted by thermo‐mechanical control process in steel containing 0.015 % lanthanum. Finally a kind of multi‐layer bainite ferrite microstructure featured by 3.5 μm blocks, 0.41 μm plates and 108 nm sub‐plates with ultrafine sub‐subunits and 55 nm θ‐M3C inside is achieved, which enhances the strength and toughness synergistically. And the nanoscale refinement mechanism of bainite ferrite plates lies in the formation of massive ultrafine sub‐subunits with the average size of 20 nm ×32 nm. Besides, a large number of twinning martensite with the size of 2 nm to 20 nm and high‐density entangled dislocations can be found on the boundaries of ultrafine sub‐subunits. Further, the density of dislocation is increased by 2.92×1014 cm−2 and its contribution to the strength is calculated to be 18 MPa. Moreover, micro‐alloying effects of lanthanum in thermo‐mechanical control process are explored to be that lanthanum enhances the interaction between bainite ferrite plates and dislocations, strengthens the entanglement of carbon and θ‐M3C with dislocations, and promotes the pinning effect of θ‐M3C on ultrafine subunits.

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Section: Lanthanum Effects On Ultrafine Substructuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Micro‐alloying effects of lanthanum in thermo‐mechanical control process of manganese‐chromium‐molybdenum bainite rail steel

Wang,

Ma,

Bao

et al. 2024

Materialwissenschaft Werkst

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“…Deformation behaviour of the bainitic rail steel with 0.22 C-1.84 Mn-0.91 Si-0.80% Cr-0.32% Mo was studied by the set of compression tests in the austenite region (temperature of 900-1200 • C, strain rate of 0.01 s −1 -10 −1 ) [71]. By analysing the published graphs, data on the experimentally determined peak stress coordinates can be obtained.…”

Section: Peak Strainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hot Deformation Behaviour of Mn–Cr–Mo Low-Alloy Steel in Various Phase Regions

Schindler

Opěla

Kawulok

et al. 2020

Metals

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The deformation behaviour of a coarse-grained as-cast medium-carbon steel, alloyed with 1.2% Mn, 0.8% Cr and 0.2% Mo, was studied by uniaxial compression tests for the strain rates of 0.02 s−1–20 s−1 in the unusually wide range of temperatures (650–1280 °C), i.e., in various phase regions including the region with predominant bainite content (up to the temperature of 757 °C). At temperatures above 820 °C, the structure was fully austenitic. The hot deformation activation energies of 648 kJ·mol−1 and 364 kJ·mol−1 have been calculated for the temperatures ≤770 °C and ≥770 °C, respectively. This corresponds to the significant increase of flow stress in the low-temperature bainitic region. Unique information on the hot deformation behaviour of bainite was obtained. The shape of the stress-strain curves was influenced by the dynamic recrystallization of ferrite or austenite. Dynamically recrystallized austenitic grains were strongly coarsened with decreasing strain rate and growing temperature. For the austenitic region, the relationship between the peak strain and the Zener–Hollomon parameter has been derived, and the phenomenological constitutive model describing the flow stress depending on temperature, true strain rate and true strain was developed. The model can be used to predict the forming forces in the seamless tubes production of the given steel.

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“…Rare-earth elements play a role in refining grains, modifying inclusions, and improving the cleanliness of steel [6,7]. Wang et al [8] studied the control of Al 2 O 3 inclusions in high-strength IF steel-containing phosphorus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation and Analysis of the Influence of Rare-Earth Ce on Inclusions in Heavy Rail Steel

Bai

Yang

2023

Metals

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The effect of rare-earth Ce on the evolution behaviour of inclusions in heavy rail steel was studied. The addition of Ce can significantly reduce the number and size of class A, B, D, and Ds inclusions in the heavy rail steel smelting process. According to the statistical analysis of the size of inclusions in steel, the number and size of A and B inclusions in steel tend to decrease significantly, while D and Ds inclusions disappear. Ce splits the aluminium inclusion into several small-sized inclusions and improves the morphology of the large-size aluminium inclusion, thereby making aggregation and growth difficult while facilitating easy floating and removal. Because the addition of Ce reduces the concentration of S element in steel, MnS inclusions are difficult to grow. The decrease in the number and size of core inclusions required for MnS growth leads to a corresponding decrease in the number and size of MnS inclusions. Meanwhile, the S element also easily gathers on the surface of CaO–MgO–Al2O3–SiO2–CeO inclusions, forming composite inclusions that are more easily removed, thus reducing the quantity and size of MnS inclusions.

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Effects of lanthanum on hot deformation behaviour of Mn-Cr-Mo bainitic rail steel

Cited by 9 publications

References 15 publications

Micro‐alloying effects of lanthanum in thermo‐mechanical control process of manganese‐chromium‐molybdenum bainite rail steel

Micro‐alloying effects of lanthanum in thermo‐mechanical control process of manganese‐chromium‐molybdenum bainite rail steel

Hot Deformation Behaviour of Mn–Cr–Mo Low-Alloy Steel in Various Phase Regions

Evaluation and Analysis of the Influence of Rare-Earth Ce on Inclusions in Heavy Rail Steel

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