Effects of landscape fragmentation on ecosystem processes in the Western Australian wheatbelt

Hobbs, Richard J.

doi:10.1016/0006-3207(93)90321-q

Cited by 180 publications

(123 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…As a result, only 2-3% of the native vegetation that contains high numbers of rare and endangered plant species remains (Hobbs, 1993;Hopper & Gioia, 2004). In the Mediterranean Basin, almost one-third of the mediterranean extent was classified as agriculture with slight increases recorded in all elevation zones from 1990 to 2000.…”

Section: Patterns Of Threat Across the Mediterranean Biomementioning

confidence: 99%

Threats and biodiversity in the mediterranean biome

Underwood

Viers

Klausmeyer

et al. 2009

Diversity and Distributions

323

215

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Aim Global conservation assessments recognize the mediterranean biome as a priority for the conservation of the world's biodiversity. To better direct future conservation efforts in the biome, an improved understanding of the location, magnitude and trend of key threats and their relationship with species of conservation importance is needed.Location Mediterranean‐climate regions in California‐Baja California, Chile, South Africa, Australia and the Mediterranean Basin.Methods We undertook a systematic, pan‐regional assessment of threats in the mediterranean biome including human population density, urban area and agriculture. To realize the full implications of these threats on mediterranean biodiversity, we examined their relationship with species of conservation concern: threatened mammals at the global scale and threatened plants at the subecoregional scale in California, USA.Results Across the biome, population density and urban area increased by 13% and agriculture by 1% between 1990 and 2000. Both population density and urban area were greatest in California‐Baja California and least in Australia while, in contrast, agriculture was greatest in Australia and least in California‐Baja California. In all regions lowlands were most affected by the threats analysed, with the exception of population density in the Chilean matorral. Threatened species richness had a significant positive correlation with population density at global and subecoregional scales, while threatened species were found to increase with the amount of urban area and decrease as the amount of natural area and unfragmented core area increased.Main conclusions Threats to mediterranean biodiversity have increased from 1990 to 2000, although patterns vary both across and within the five regions. The need for future conservation efforts is further underlined by the positive correlation between species of conservation concern and the increase in population density over the last decade. Challenges to reducing threats extend beyond those analysed to include human–environmental interactions and their synergistic effects, such as urbanization and invasive species and wildfires.

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Section: Patterns Of Threat Across the Mediterranean Biomementioning

confidence: 99%

Threats and biodiversity in the mediterranean biome

Underwood

Viers

Klausmeyer

et al. 2009

Diversity and Distributions

323

215

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“…In Western Australia, the removal of most native vegetation for wheat production has reduced evapotranspiration and altered soil water fl ows. This has increased local fl ooding, brought the water table with its dissolved salts closer to the soil surface, and caused chronic waterlogging and salinization of the remaining vegetation (Hobbs 1993). Wind-or waterborne fl uxes of agricultural chemicals (fertilizers, herbicides, pesticides) and other pollutants into habitat remnants (Cadenasso et al 2000, Weathers et al 2001 can also have long-term effects on ecosystems.…”

Section: Altered Ecosystem Pro Cessesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond Island Biogeography Theory

Laurance¹

2009

The Theory of Island Biogeography Revisited

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has also had an enormous impact on conservation biology. The theory has inspired much thinking about the importance of reserve size and connectivity in the maintenance of species diversity, and stimulated an avalanche of research on fragmented ecosystems. But, like all general models, IBT is a caricature of reality, capturing just a few important elements of a system while ignoring many others. Does it provide a useful model for understanding contemporary habitat fragmentation?Here I critically evaluate the conceptual utility and limitations of IBT for the study of fragmented ecosystems. I briefl y encapsulate the historical background, considering how IBT has helped to shape our thinking about habitat fragmentation over the past forty years. I then describe how fragmentation research has transcended the theory, using fi ndings from tropical and other ecosystems.The Impact of IBT Prior to MacArthur and Wilson's (1967) seminal book, habitat fragmentation was not high on the radar screen of most ecologists, land managers, and politicians. That all changed with IBT (Powledge 2003). The theory has helped to revolutionize the thinking of mainstream ecologists about habitat fragmentation and stimulated literally thousands of studies of fragmented and insular ecosystems (fi gure 8.1).Before summarizing some key conceptual advances linked to IBT, I have two caveats. First, in discussing the impact of IBT on fragmentation research, it can be diffi cult to distinguish between the contributions of Go here for book information

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“…Therefore, the list of species with the highest turnover rate in the smallest patches as well as the percentage of other species in the largest areas depends mostly on the habitat type in which the research is carried out. Moreover, impact of the surrounding landscape may be more significant for temporal dynamics of animal communities than the processes in the fragment itself (Wiens et al 1985, Hobbs 1993, Jokimäki et al 2000. It concerns mainly birds which are the most mobile terrestrial animals and may use the matrix in different ways (Saunders et al 1991, Balent & Courtiade 1992, Bentley & Catterall 1997.…”

Section: Species-area Relationshipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors Affecting Temporal Dynamics of Avian Assemblages in a Heterogeneous Landscape

Tworek¹

2004

Acta Ornithologica

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Effects of landscape fragmentation on ecosystem processes in the Western Australian wheatbelt

Cited by 180 publications

References 32 publications

Threats and biodiversity in the mediterranean biome

Threats and biodiversity in the mediterranean biome

Beyond Island Biogeography Theory

Factors Affecting Temporal Dynamics of Avian Assemblages in a Heterogeneous Landscape

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