Effects of La2O3 Addition into CaO-SiO2 Slag: Structural Evolution and Impurity Separation from Si-Sn Alloy

Abstract

Boron (B) and phosphorus (P) are the most problematic impurities to be removed in the production of solar-grade silicon by the metallurgical process. In this work, the distribution of B and P between CaO-(La2O3)-SiO2 slags and Si-10 mass pct Sn melt was experimentally studied. B distribution coefficient increased from 2.93 in binary CaO-SiO2 slag to 3.33 and 3.65 with 2 and 10 mass pct La2O3 additions, respectively. In the followed acid-leaching experiments, the slag-treated Si-Sn alloys exhibited higher B and P removal than that of the initial alloy without slag treatment. Molecular dynamics simulations were performed to study the effect of La2O3 addition on the slag structural and transport properties. A novel oxygen classification method was proposed to distinguish the different structural roles of La and Ca in the CaO-La2O3-SiO2 system. It was found that La3+ prefers to stay in the depolymerized region, mostly connects with 6-7 non-bridging oxygen, and requires a weak charge compensation with Ca2+. Possible silicothermic reduction was evaluated to discuss the slag chemistry and the mass transfer between slag and metal phase. A thermodynamic model was derived to theoretically study the alloying effect on impurity distribution in slag refining where positive interaction coefficient and high alloying concentration were found most beneficial to improve the impurity removal.

Properties and Structure Evolution of CaO–Al2O3–La2O3 Slags with Various Alkali Metal Oxide Contents

“…Since La atom does not contain 4 f electron layer (outermost electronic configuration: 5 d 1 6 s 2 ), which is different from the Ce atom (outermost electronic configuration: 4 f 1 5 d 1 6 s 2 ). Therefore, it is able to form La 3+ and O 2− [ 27,28 ] stably. Then, free O 2− ions provided by La 2 O 3 can depolymerize the slag structure.…”

Development of Molecular Dynamics and Research Progress in the Study of Slag

“…The static structure factor can be obtained to determine the degree of structural disorder. Specifically, the statistical fluctuations of the mean square displacement MSD, coordination number, particle trajectory, and kinetic energy can be analyzed [72,73]. The application of molecular dynamics in metallurgy is shown in Figure 7.…”