Effects of L-Carnitine with Different Lysine Levels on Growth and Nutrient Digestibility in Pigs Weaned at 21 Days of Age

Cho, W. T.; Kim, J. H.; Han, In K.; Han, Y. K.; Heo, K. N.; Odle, Jack

doi:10.5713/ajas.1999.799

Cited by 16 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The higher DE and ME values and decreased fecal N excretion for the Carnichrome diet is supported by results of Rincker et al (2001); they found that L-carnitine supplementation improved N balance and the utilization of GE provided in the diet of weanling pigs. Cho et al (1999) also found that supplementation of L-carnitine improved crude fat and GE digestibility, which resulted in improved ADG. In present experiment, the higher energy and organic matter digestibility for the Carnichrome treatment and a tendency for lower methane energy loss resulted in a higher ME intake in early gestation for the Carnichrome compared with the control treatment.…”

Section: Effect Of Carnichrome On Digestibilitymentioning

confidence: 83%

Influence of Carnichrome on the energy balance of gestating sows12

Young

Tokach

Noblet

et al. 2004

Journal of Animal Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Twelve multiparous sows with an average initial weight of 182 kg were used in a randomized complete block design to determine the effects of feeding Carnichrome (50 mg of carnitine and 200 microg of chromium picolinate per kilogram of feed, as fed) on energy and nitrogen utilization in early, mid-, and late gestation. All sows were fed a diet with or without Carnichrome for the preceding 28-d lactation, the weaning-to-estrus period, and for the duration of gestation. Daily feeding allowances over pregnancy were based on calculated energy and nutrient requirements to achieve a target sow maternal weight gain of 20 kg and remained constant throughout gestation. Heat production (HP) and its partitioning (activity, thermic effect of feeding short term [TEFst], basal) were determined in early (wk 5 or 6), mid- (wk 9 or 10), and late (wk 14 or 15) pregnancy using indirect calorimetry. Net maternal weight gain and total number of fetuses averaged 21.6 kg and 16.4, respectively. Organic matter and energy digestibility for the Carnichrome diet was greater (P < 0.05), which resulted in greater DE and ME contents (0.6%, P < 0.05) compared with the control diet. The digestibility coefficient of energy in the current experiment for a typical corn and soybean meal diet (92%) was greater than that predicted from DE values of corn and soybean meal in feeding tables (88%). Carnichrome had no effect on total HP, energy retained as protein or lipid, and maternal energy retention in early, mid-, or late gestation. Heat production in late gestation increased linearly (4.0 kJ/[kg BW0.75 x d]) for each additional day from d 90 to 110, despite the reduction of ME intake per unit of BW0.75. Metabolizable energy requirement for maintenance was 405 kJ/(kg BW0.75 x d). On average, activity HP was 116 kJ/(kg BW0.75 x d), which was equivalent to 20% of ME intake; however, this value ranged from 11 to 37% between sows, which corresponds to duration of standing ranging from 210 to 490 min/d. Energy cost of standing activity averaged 0.30 kJ/(kg BW0.75 x min). In conclusion, Carnichrome had no effect on the components of heat production and maternal weight gain during gestation, although it improved energy and organic matter digestibility of the diet.

show abstract

Section: Effect Of Carnichrome On Digestibilitymentioning

confidence: 83%

Influence of Carnichrome on the energy balance of gestating sows12

Young

Tokach

Noblet

et al. 2004

Journal of Animal Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…dietary lysine (≥ 1.50% total lysine) to be detrimental to growth performance when supplemental L-carnitine was fed to nursery pigs (28 to 42 d of age). However, Cho et al (1999) recently observed an improvement in nutrient digestibility and feed efficiency in nursery pigs fed added L-carnitine regardless of dietary lysine level (1.4, 1.6, or 1.8%).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of dietary L-carnitine on growth performance and body composition in nursery and growing-finishing pigs.

Owen

Nelssen

Goodband

et al. 2001

Journal of Animal Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of dietary L-carnitine on growth performance and carcass composition of nursery and growing-finishing pigs. In Exp. 1,216 weanling pigs (initially 4.9 kg and 19 to 23 d of age) were used in a 35-d growth trial. Pigs were blocked by weight in a randomized complete block design (six pigs per pen and six pens per treatment). Four barrows and four gilts were used to determine initial carcass composition. L-Carnitine replaced ground corn in the control diets to provide 250, 500, 750, 1,000, or 1,250 ppm. On d 35, three barrows and three gilts per treatment (one pig/block) were killed to provide carcass compositions. L-Carnitine had no effect (P > 0.10) on growth, percentages of carcass CP and lipid, or daily protein accretion. However, daily lipid accretion tended to decrease and then return to values similar to those for control pigs (quadratic P < 0.10) with increasing dietary L-carnitine. In Exp. 2, 96 crossbred pigs (initially 34.0 kg BW) were used to investigate the effect of increasing dietary L-carnitine in growing-finishing pigs. Pigs (48 barrows and 48 gilts) were blocked by weight and sex in a randomized complete block design (two pigs/pen and eight pens/treatment). Dietary L-carnitine replaced cornstarch in the control diet to provide 25, 50, 75, 100, and 125 ppm in grower (34 to 56.7 kg; 1.0% lysine) and finisher (56.7 to 103 kg; 0.80% lysine) diets. At 103 kg, one pig/pen was slaughtered, and standard carcass measurements were obtained. Dietary L-carnitine did not influence growth performance (P > 0.10). However, increasing dietary carnitine decreased average and tenth-rib back-fat (quadratic, P < 0.10 and 0.05), and increased percentage lean and daily CP accretion rate (quadratic, P < 0.05). Break point analysis projected the optimal dosage to be between 49 and 64 ppm of L-carnitine for these carcass traits. It is concluded that dietary carnitine fed during the nursery or growing-finishing phase had no effect on growth performance; however, feeding 49 to 64 ppm of L-carnitine during the growing-finishing phase increased CP accretion and decreased tenth-rib backfat.

show abstract

“…Likewise, supplementary L-carnitine did not affect live-weight gains, feed intake or egg production in laying hens (Rabie et al, 1997;Celik et al, 2004). Ineffectiveness of L-carnitine supplementation on growth was also reported in other species, such as neonatal and weaner pigs (Hoffman et al, 1993;Cho et al, 1999;Owen et al, 2001). On the contrary, supplementary L-carnitine improved growth rates and feed efficiency (Rabie and Szilagyi, 1998), increased breast or thigh meat yield, and decreased abdominal fat content (Rabie and Szilagyi, 1998;Xu et al, 2003) in broiler chickens.…”

Section: Weight Gain (G/bird)mentioning

confidence: 76%

Long‐term effects of early‐life dietary L‐carnitine on lymphoid organs and immune responses in Leghorn‐type chickens

Deng

Wong

Nolan

2005

Animal Physiology Nutrition

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The long-term effects of supplementing Leghorn-type chickens with dietary L-carnitine after hatching for 4 weeks on growth, lymphoid organ weights, humoral and cell-mediated immune responses were assessed in a 12-week study. A commercial starter feed supplemented with 0 (control), 100 (LC) or 1,000 (HC) mg L-carnitine/kg was offered to day-old ISA Brown cockerels for 4 weeks, then all birds were given a commercial pullet grower feed for another 8 weeks. No differences (p > 0.05) in growth rates, feed intake or feed utilisation efficiency existed among the dietary treatments throughout the study. Compared with control birds, HC-fed birds had a lower (p < 0.05) thymus weight relative to bodyweight (BW) at Week 4, but a higher (p < 0.05) relative thymus weight at Week 12. A higher (p < 0.05) serum primary antibody response to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) in HC-fed birds than in the other two groups was also detected at Week 12. Relative spleen or bursa weights and cutaneous responses of toe webs to phytohaemagglutimin (PHA) (an in vivo indicator of cell-mediated immune responses) did not differ (p > 0.05) among dietary treatments at any time. It is concluded that a short-term supply of dietary L-carnitine to a conventional commercial feed after hatching enhanced subsequent humoral immunity in Leghorn-type chickens. Further study is warranted to confirm such a long-term effect.

show abstract

Effects of L-Carnitine with Different Lysine Levels on Growth and Nutrient Digestibility in Pigs Weaned at 21 Days of Age

Cited by 16 publications

References 0 publications

Influence of Carnichrome on the energy balance of gestating sows12

Influence of Carnichrome on the energy balance of gestating sows12

Effect of dietary L-carnitine on growth performance and body composition in nursery and growing-finishing pigs.

Long‐term effects of early‐life dietary L‐carnitine on lymphoid organs and immune responses in Leghorn‐type chickens

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About