Effects of ketoconazole on the acquisition of intravenous cocaine self-administration under different feeding conditions in rats

Campbell, Una C.; Carroll, Marilyn E.

doi:10.1007/s002130000627

Cited by 59 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 49 publications

(61 reference statements)

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“…A number of studies have established that exposure to a variety of stressors, including uncontrollable EFS, facilitates the acquisition of cocaine SA by rats (see eg Goeders and Guerin, 1994;Haney et al, 1995;Miczek and Mutschler, 1996;Ramsey and Van Ree, 1993;Campbell and Carroll, 2001;Kosten et al, 2000;Schenk et al, 1987) and reinstates extinguished cocaine-seeking behavior (Erb et al, 1996;Ahmed and Koob, 1997;Mantsch and Goeders, 1999a;Shalev et al, 2003). Our finding that daily EFS delivered across a period of ongoing SA escalates cocaine intake after acquisition has occurred extends these findings and is consistent with reports that food deprivation elevates postacquisition cocaine SA (Carroll, 1985) and that repeated social-defeat stress extends the duration of SA and increases the cumulative amount of cocaine self-administered by rats during unlimited-access 'binges' (Covington and Miczek, 2001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A number of investigators have demonstrated that stressors facilitate the acquisition of cocaine SA (see eg Goeders and Guerin, 1994;Haney et al, 1995;Miczek and Mutschler, 1996;Ramsey and Van Ree, 1993;Campbell and Carroll, 2001;Kosten et al, 2000;Schenk et al, 1987) and reinstate extinguished cocaine-seeking behavior (Erb et al, 1996;Ahmed and Koob, 1997;Mantsch and Goeders, 1999a;Shalev et al, 2003). By contrast, the ability of stress to produce escalating patterns of cocaine SA has not been extensively examined.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Elevation of Glucocorticoids is Necessary but not Sufficient for the Escalation of Cocaine Self-Administration by Chronic Electric Footshock Stress in Rats

Mantsch

Katz

2006

Neuropsychopharmacol

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The examination of cocaine self-administration (SA) by rats under conditions that promote escalating patterns of intake should lead to a better understanding of factors that contribute to cocaine addiction. This study investigated the ability of repeated daily exposure to a stressor, electric footshock (EFS), to escalate cocaine SA. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were trained to self-administer cocaine (0.5 mg/kg/ inf, i.v.) by pressing a lever under a FR4 schedule during 2-h sessions comprised of four 30-min SA components. Repeated daily EFS consisting of shock sequences (3 Â 0.6 mA, 100-ms duration, 1-s frequency) delivered under a variable time 45-s schedule for 5 min before each of the four SA components across 14 days of SA testing produced a significant escalation of cocaine SA. EFS failed to escalate food-reinforced lever pressing and did not alter cocaine SA when administered either inside or outside of the SA context 4 h after daily SA testing. Surgical adrenalectomy along with diurnal corticosterone (CORT) replacement prevented EFS-induced escalation without altering SA in the absence of EFS, indicating that increases in circulating glucocorticoids were necessary for the escalating effects of EFS. Elevation of CORT through repeated daily CORT injections (3.0 mg/kg, i.p.) failed to reproduce the effects of repeated daily EFS on SA, but restored the escalating effects of EFS in adrenalectomized rats with CORT replacement, suggesting that an elevation of glucocorticoids was necessary but alone was not sufficient for the escalation of cocaine SA by EFS.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elevation of Glucocorticoids is Necessary but not Sufficient for the Escalation of Cocaine Self-Administration by Chronic Electric Footshock Stress in Rats

Mantsch

Katz

2006

Neuropsychopharmacol

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“…Subsequently, daily food was restricted to 18 g of standard rat chow in order to maintain animals at approximately 85% of the mean body weight of non-food-deprived littermates (not participating in the study). Moderate food restriction has been shown consistently to accelerate cocaine acquisition (Campbell and Carroll, 2001), and the procedure is recommended for autoshaping acquisition studies. Uncontaminated water was available ad libitum throughout the study.…”

Section: Experiments 1 Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Acquisition of Cocaine Self-Administration in Rats Developmentally Exposed to Lead

Rocha

Valles

Cardon

et al. 2005

Neuropsychopharmacol

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The rate of acquisition of drug self-administration may serve as a predictor of later drug-taking behavior, possibly influencing the vulnerability to use drugs. The present study examined the effects of perinatal (gestation/lactation) lead exposure on adult rates of acquisition of intravenous cocaine self-administration using an automated procedure that included both Pavlovian and operant components. For Experiment 1, female rats were gavaged daily with 0 or 16 mg lead for 30 days prior to breeding with nonexposed males. Metal administration continued through pregnancy and lactation and was discontinued at weaning (postnatal day (PND) 21). Animals born to control or lead-exposed dams subsequently were tested daily as adults in a preparation where sessions included an initial 3-h autoshaping period followed by a 3-h self-administration period where 0.20 mg/kg cocaine was delivered contingently. During autoshaping, intravenous cocaine infusions were paired with the extension and retraction of a lever, while infusions occurred during selfadministration only when a lever press was executed (FR-1). The criterion for acquisition was a 2-day period during which a mean of 50 infusions/session occurred during self-administration. Animals were given 35 days to reach criterion. In Experiment 1, accelerated rates of acquisition of cocaine self-administration were evident for lead-exposed animals relative to controls. Overall, the number of selfadministered cocaine infusions per session was significantly higher for lead-exposed rats as compared to control rats. Experiment 2 replicated Experiment 1 except that a higher dose of cocaine (0.80 mg/kg) was employed as the reinforcer, and 30 infusions/session was the set criterion. At the higher cocaine dose (Experiment 2), acquisition rates for control and lead-exposed animals were not markedly different, and significantly different infusion rates were not observed.

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“…Subsequently, daily food was restricted to 18 g of standard rat chow in order to maintain animals at approximately 85% of their mean free-feeding body weight. This food-restriction regimen is similar to that used in other laboratories (e.g., Campbell and Carroll, 2001). Moderate food restriction consistently has been shown to accelerate methamphetamine acquisition (Roth and Carroll, 2004), and the procedure is recommended for autoshaping acquisition studies.…”

Section: Surgicalmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…It has been argued that the rate of acquisition of drug selfadministration may serve as a predictor of later drug-taking behavior, possibly influencing the transition from drug use to addiction (refer to Rocha et al, 2005). Accordingly, in Experiment 1 an acquisition paradigm developed by Carroll and associates (Campbell and Carroll, 2001;Carroll and Lac, 1997) was employed to train lead-exposed and control animals to press a lever for a methamphetamine-reinforcement in a consistent manner, with minimal intrusions. In this preparation, Pavlovian conditioning is first used to shape behavior, then operant conditioning is tested in order to measure rate of methamphetamine acquisition in the animals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental lead exposure alters methamphetamine self-administration in the male rat: Acquisition and reinstatement

Rocha

Valles

Bratton

et al. 2008

Drug and Alcohol Dependence

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The rate of acquisition of drug self-administration and the return to drug seeking are important elements of the overall drug profile, and are essential factors in understanding risks associated with drug abuse. Experiment 1 examined the effects of perinatal (gestation/lactation) lead exposure on adult rates of acquisition of intravenous (i.v.) methamphetamine self-administration. Experiment 2 investigated the effects of perinatal lead exposure on drug-maintained responding in a reinstatement (relapse) paradigm. In Experiment 1, female rats were gavaged daily with 0 or 16-mg lead for 30 days prior to breeding with nonexposed males. Lead exposure continued through gestation and lactation and was discontinued at weaning (postnatal day [PND] 21). Male rats born to control or lead-exposed dams were tested daily as adults in an acquisition paradigm that incorporated both Pavlovian and operant components. An initial 3-hr autoshaping period preceded a 3-hr selfadministration period. For 35 daily training sessions i.v. methamphetamine infusions [inf] (0.02 mg/ kg) were paired with the extension and retraction of a lever (autoshaping), while inf occurred during self-administration only when a lever press was executed (FR-1). In Experiment 2 animals developmentally exposed to lead were trained on a FR-2 to self-administer methamphetamine (0.04 mg/kg/inf) and then placed on an extinction schedule prior to receiving intraperitoneal (i.p.) priming injections of saline, 0.50, 1.00, or 1.50 mg/kg methamphetamine. The findings from Experiment 1 showed that acquisition was delayed in rats born to lead-exposed dams gavaged daily with 16-mg lead throughout gestation and lactation when a 0.02 mg/kg/inf of methamphetamine served as the reinforcement outcome. Additional data from Experiment 2 indicated priming cues (injections of methamphetamine [i.p.]) administered after extinction were less likely to occasion a return to drug seeking (relapse) in the 16-mg group relative to the 0-mg control group. These results suggest perinatal lead exposure alters patterns of methamphetamine self-administration during the adult cycle.

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Effects of ketoconazole on the acquisition of intravenous cocaine self-administration under different feeding conditions in rats

Abstract: These results extended previous findings of the suppressant effects of ketoconazole on cocaine-reinforced responding in rats to the acquisition of cocaine self-administration using food restriction as a stressor.

Cited by 59 publications

References 49 publications

Elevation of Glucocorticoids is Necessary but not Sufficient for the Escalation of Cocaine Self-Administration by Chronic Electric Footshock Stress in Rats

Elevation of Glucocorticoids is Necessary but not Sufficient for the Escalation of Cocaine Self-Administration by Chronic Electric Footshock Stress in Rats

Enhanced Acquisition of Cocaine Self-Administration in Rats Developmentally Exposed to Lead

Developmental lead exposure alters methamphetamine self-administration in the male rat: Acquisition and reinstatement

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