Effects of ivermectin residues in sheep dung on the development and survival of the bushfly, Musca vetustissima Walker and a scarabaeine dung beetle, Euoniticellus fulvus Goeze

Wardhaugh, K. G.; Mahon, R. J.; Axelsen, A; Rowland, Mark; Wanjura, W. J.

doi:10.1016/0304-4017(93)90151-c

Cited by 54 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Ivermectin residues in cattle dung particularly affect Cyclorrhaphan Diptera [20]. The larval mortality of Musca domestica [13] and Musca vetustissima [15,22,23] is significantly higher than in controls more than one month after a subcutaneous injection of ivermectin to cattle. It is the same for other Diptera such as Neomyia cornicina [6,7,24] or Scatophaga stercoraria [19] whose larvae were unable to survive in dung collected up to one month after the cattle had been treated with ivermectin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The negative effects of the residues of ivermectin in cattle dung using a sustained-release bolus on Aphodius constans (Duft.) (Coleoptera: Aphodiidae)

et al. 2001

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-This paper reports the findings of two trials into the effects of the treatment of cattle with ivermectin slow-release (SR) bolus on the larval development of the dung beetle Aphodius constans Duft. Rectal faecal samples were collected prior to treatment and every 3 and 2 weeks in a first and second trial, respectively, and up to 156 days post-administration of the SR bolus. Faecal ivermectin concentration reached a peak at 63 days post-treatment (1427 ng⋅g -1 ) and ivermectin was detected up to 147 days post-treatment in the first trial (7.2 ng⋅g -1 ). First stage larvae of A. constans were reared with control or contaminated dung and adult beetles were counted after emergence. In the first trial, the comparison of pairwise samples showed that ivermectin prevented the development of larval A. constans until day 105, while at day 135 the rate of emergence was still significantly lower than the corresponding series of control (p < 0.05). In the second trial, the difference between control and treated series remained significant until 143 days post-treatment, with no emergence until 128 days post-administration of SR bolus to cattle. These results show the negative effect of ivermectin on the development of larval A. constans, even at a low concentration (38.4 ng⋅g -1 ). The administration of ivermectin sustained-release bolus to cattle was highly effective in killing dung beetle larvae for approximately 143 days after treatment. The results were similar when dung was obtained from a single animal kept alone, or from a blending of faecal pats obtained from a group of animals kept in field conditions during the whole trial period.ivermectin / sustained-release (SR) bolus / cattle / dung beetle / rate of emergence / environmental risk Vet. Res. 32 (2001) [421][422][423][424][425][426][427] 421

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The negative effects of the residues of ivermectin in cattle dung using a sustained-release bolus on Aphodius constans (Duft.) (Coleoptera: Aphodiidae)

et al. 2001

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“…In laboratory studies, dung from sheep treated with an oral mixture of oxfendazole and levamisole was shown to be toxic to both fly and beetle larvae [113]. The mortality was thought to be associated with the oxfendazole component since levamisole is rapidly absorbed following oral, subcutaneous or topical administration, and is rapidly and largely excreted unchanged in the urine.…”

Section: Concentration Stability and Activity Of Anthelmintics In Thmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies on the potential ecotoxic effects of endectocides led intense interest in elucidating the fate of these drugs in the faeces [4,25,28,50,66,107,112,113]. The environmental impact of antiparasitic chemotherapy depends on the deleterious effects which the agent or its metabolites have on an organism in the locus of excreta, the amount of the active agent excreted, the temporal nature of excretion and the stability of the ecotoxic residues [81].…”

Section: Concentration Stability and Activity Of Anthelmintics In Thmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Other studies have shown 95% recovery of the total dose in the faeces of sheep seven days after intra-ruminal administration [2], two-thirds of this being recovered during the first two days [98]. The presence of ivermectin residues in sheep droppings after oral administration influenced the survival of fly and beetle larvae for less than a week after treatment, but such transient effects were unlikely to have a major impact on insect populations [113]. However, the recent introduction of controlled-release capsules of ivermectin for sheep have modified previous conclusions [116].…”

Section: Concentration Stability and Activity Of Anthelmintics In Thmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several factors can modify the environmental risks: (i) The amount of the active agent which enters the environment; this amount depends on the route or delivery system of administration [50], and on the physiology of the treated animals [3,4]; (ii) The concentration and persistence of the drug in the faeces, and the total amount of droppings from treated animals compared to the total faecal deposits in the pasture [30,81]; (iii) Environmental factors (light, rainfall, temperature…) and the coincidence of deposits with activity of non-target organisms [30,41]; (iv) The susceptibility of organisms, some taxa are more susceptible than others, and some are highly resistant [24,25,28,29,35,39,41,112,113].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Use of anthelmintics in herbivores and evaluation of risks for the non target fauna of pastures

2002

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-The overall purpose of this paper was to review the major and most recent literature relating the effects of anthelmintics on dung breeding invertebrates and dung degradation. Faecal residues or metabolites of drugs belonging to the benzimidazole and levamisole/morantel groups are relatively harmless to dung fauna, on the contrary to other anthelmintics such as coumaphos, dichlorvos, phenothiazine, piperazine, synthetic pyrethroids, and most macrocyclic lactones which have been shown to be highly toxic for dung beetles (abamectin, ivermectin, eprinomectin, doramectin), among which moxidectin was the less toxic for dung beetles. To date, the detrimental impact upon non-target organisms has been considered acceptable in eradicating the parasites because of their economic importance to commercial livestock production. The consequences of routine treatments are discussed with consideration of the long-term consequences for cow pat fauna and sustainable pastureland ecology.anthelmintic / residue / dung beetle / Diptera / sustainable parasite control Résumé -Usage des anthelminthiques en élevage et évaluation des risques pour la faune non cible du pâturage. Cet article de synthèse passe en revue les travaux de la littérature les plus récents concernant les effets secondaires des principaux produits vétérinaires utilisés en routine sur la faune coprophage et sur la dégradation des excréments dans les pâturages. Les résidus (ou les métabolites) des groupes du benzimidazole et levamisole/morantel trouvés dans les excréments s'avèrent relativement peu toxiques pour la faune coprophage. Au contraire les anthelminthiques des groupes suivants s'avèrent hautement toxiques: coumaphos, dichlorvos, phénothiazine, pipérazine, pyréthroïdes de synthèse, et la plupart des lactones macrocycliques (abamectine, ivermectine, éprinomectine, doramectine), la moxidectine étant la moins toxique pour la faune coprophage. Jusqu'à présent, cet impact négatif a été considéré comme acceptable par les éleveurs et firmes pharmaceutiques en regard de l'importance économique du contrôle et/ou l'éradication des parasites. Les conséquences des traitements de routine sont discutées en considérant que l'absence de dégradation des bouses constatée 547

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Analytical procedure for determination of the time profile of eprinomectin excretion in sheep faeces

2006

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An analytical procedure has been introduced to enable study of the time profile of eprinomectin excretion in sheep faeces. Eprinomectin was extracted from sheep faeces with acetonitrile, the extract was cleaned by solid-phase extraction (SPE), and, after derivatization by reaction with N-methylimidazole, trifluoroacetic anhydride, and acetic acid, eprinomectin was analysed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection. The method has a low detection limit (1.0 ng g(-1) of moist sheep faeces), a low quantification limit (2.5 ng g(-1) of moist sheep faeces), good recovery (in the range 78.8 to 87.1%), and good reproducibility (RSD<10%). The method was used to study the time-profile of excretion of eprinomectin in sheep faeces after a single topical administration of 0.5 mg kg(-1) b.w. of the drug. Because of its good recovery, precision, and sensitivity, the method has also proved applicable to further ecotoxicological studies of eprinomectin.

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Effects of ivermectin residues in sheep dung on the development and survival of the bushfly, Musca vetustissima Walker and a scarabaeine dung beetle, Euoniticellus fulvus Goeze

Cited by 54 publications

References 20 publications

The negative effects of the residues of ivermectin in cattle dung using a sustained-release bolus on Aphodius constans (Duft.) (Coleoptera: Aphodiidae)

The negative effects of the residues of ivermectin in cattle dung using a sustained-release bolus on Aphodius constans (Duft.) (Coleoptera: Aphodiidae)

Use of anthelmintics in herbivores and evaluation of risks for the non target fauna of pastures

Analytical procedure for determination of the time profile of eprinomectin excretion in sheep faeces

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