Effects of Isosorbide Incorporation into Flexible Polyurethane Foams: Reversible Urethane Linkages and Antioxidant Activity

Abstract

Isosorbide (ISB), a nontoxic bio-based bicyclic diol composed from two fuzed furans, was incorporated into the preparation of flexible polyurethane foams (FPUFs) for use as a cell opener and to impart antioxidant properties to the resulting foam. A novel method for cell opening was designed based on the anticipated reversibility of the urethane linkages formed by ISB with isocyanate. FPUFs containing various amounts of ISB (up to 5 wt%) were successfully prepared without any noticeable deterioration in the appearance and physical properties of the resulting foams. The air permeability of these resulting FPUFs was increased and this could be further improved by thermal treatment at 160 °C. The urethane units based on ISB enabled cell window opening, as anticipated, through the reversible urethane linkage. The ISB-containing FPUFs also demonstrated better antioxidant activity by impeding discoloration. Thus, ISB, a nontoxic, bio-based diol, can be a valuable raw material (or additive) for eco-friendly FPUFs without seriously compromising the physical properties of these FPUFs.

Structure-properties relationships of cellular materials from biobased polyurethane foams

“…The combinations between the rigidity of the isosorbide and the flexibility of fatty acids are an exciting way to obtain new properties. Neat Isosorbide was also directly added in PUFs with reduced thermal reversibility of the urethane bond [176]. This reversibility at low temperatures was exploited to weaken the modulus of polymer located in the fragile thin wall.…”

Shielding Burn Patients from Oxidative Stress: The Therapeutic Potential of Antioxidant Membranes

“…The lactate-dependent and oxidative stress-reducing functions in burns were confirmed in clinical trials. As a result, significant pain relief of up to 60% [191][192][193], a low rate of infections [194], fast wound healing [186,191,195,196], good cosmetic and functional outcomes in superficial and deep burns [197][198][199], weak inflammatory reaction [184], and a reduced transplantation rate in partial -thickness burns [144,200]were described. Furthermore, PLM triggers tissue neogenesis, promotes TGF-β accumulation, and reduces TNF-α and IL-6 levels in blood and tissue compared to HF [201].…”

Isosorbide-Based Thermoplastic Polyurethane with Different Polyols and Soft/Hard Ratios

“…In this study, a novel isosorbide-based thermoplastic polyurethane (ISB-TPU) series was synthesized by altering the molecular structure of the hard segment in the backbone of ISB-TPU, based on the different soft segments [14]. ISB could be incorporated alongside hard segment to modify the properties of TPU [15]. The molecular structure, molecular weight, glass transition temperature (Tg), and mechanical properties of ISB-TPUs with different soft blocks were characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and universe testing machine (UTM).…”