Effects of Isometric Training on Vertical Jumping

Ball, Jerry R.; Rich, George Q.; Wallis, Earl L.

doi:10.1080/10671188.1964.10613305

Cited by 9 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…It is for this reason that the SJ height increased after training, while the CMJ height did not (Table 4). Some previous researchers also demonstrated that the CMJ height did not change after the ''isometric'' squat and/or leg press exercises (Ball et al 1964;Berger 1963). Conversely, Berger (1963) and McCarthy et al (1995) reported that the CMJ height increased significantly after the ''dynamic'' squat training.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

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Effects of isometric squat training on the tendon stiffness and jump performance

et al. 2005

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The present study aimed to investigate the effect of isometric squat training on human tendon stiffness and jump performances. Eight subjects completed 12 weeks (4 days/week) of isometric squat training, which consisted of bilateral leg extension at 70% of maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) for 15 s per set (10 sets/day). Before and after training, the elongations of the tendon-aponeurosis complex in the vastus lateralis muscle and patella tendon were directly measured using ultrasonography while the subjects performed ramp isometric knee extension up to MVC. The relationship between the estimated muscle force and tendon elongation was fitted to a linear regression, the slope of which was defined as stiffness. In addition, performances in two kinds of maximal vertical jumps, i.e. squatting (SJ) and counter-movement jumps (CMJ), were measured. The training significantly increased the volume (P < 0.01) and MVC torque (P < 0.01) of the quadriceps femoris muscle. The stiffness of the tendon-aponeurosis complex increased significantly from 51 +/- 22 (mean +/- SD) to 59 +/- 24 N/mm (P = 0.04), although that of the patella tendon did not change (P = 0.48). The SJ height increased significantly after training (P = 0.03), although the CMJ height did not (P = 0.45). In addition, the relative difference in jump height between SJ and CMJ decreased significantly after training (P = 0.02). These results suggest that isometric squat training changes the stiffness of human tendon-aponeurosis complex in knee extensors to act negatively on the effects of pre-stretch during stretch-shortening cycle exercises.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…Berger 1963). However, some previous studies showed that the isometric training could not improve vertical jumping performance (Ball et al 1964;Berger 1963). For example, Berger (1963) demonstrated that static overload training was less effective for increasing vertical jump ability than dynamic overload training.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effects of isometric squat training on the tendon stiffness and jump performance

et al. 2005

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“…Other findings on the effect of strength training on power output have been contradictory. Capen (1950) found that an increase in strength was reflected in improvements in selected power tasks, whereas Ball et al (1964) could demonstrate no increase in power as a result of isometric training.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Strength training and power output: Transference effects in the human quadriceps muscle

Rutherford

Greig

Sargeant³

et al. 1986

Journal of Sports Sciences

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The effects of strength training of the quadriceps on peak power output during isokinetic cycling has been investigated in group of 17 young healthy volunteers. Subjects trained by lifting near-maximal loads on a leg extension machine for 12 weeks. Measurements of maximal voluntary isometric force were made at 2-3 week intervals and a continual record was kept of the weights lifted in training. Peak power output was measured at 110 rev min-1 and at either 70 or 80 rev min-1 before and after the 12 week training period. Measurements of maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) were made on 12 subjects before and after training. The greatest change was in the weights lifted in training which increased by 160-200%. This was accompanied by a much smaller increase in maximum isometric force (3-20%). There was no significant change in peak power output at either speed. The VO2max remained unchanged with training. The role of task specificity in training is discussed in relation to training regimes for power athletes and for rehabilitation of patients with muscle weakness.

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“…*Significantly greater than before, P Ͻ 0.05. (3,4). They suggested that the nervous command of contraction during the isometric training differed from that during the vertical jumping.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of static and dynamic training on the stiffness and blood volume of tendon in vivo

Kubo¹,

Ikebukuro²,

Yaeshima³

et al. 2009

Journal of Applied Physiology

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H. Effects of static and dynamic training on the stiffness and blood volume of tendon in vivo. J Appl Physiol 106: 412-417, 2009. First published December 26, 2008 doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.91381.2008.-The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of static and dynamic training on the stiffness and blood volume of the human tendon in vivo. Ten subjects completed 12 wk (4 days/wk) of a unilateral training program for knee extensors. They performed static training on one side [ST; 70% of maximum voluntary contraction (MVC)] and dynamic training on the other side (DT; 80% of one repetition maximum). Before and after training, MVC, neural activation level (by interpolated twitch), muscle volume (by magnetic resonance imaging), stiffness of tendon-aponeurosis complex and patella tendon (by ultrasonography), and blood volume of patella tendon (by red laser lights) were measured. Both protocols significantly increased MVC (49% for ST, 32% for DT; both P Ͻ 0.001), neural activation level (9.5% for ST, 7.6% for DT; both P Ͻ 0.01), and muscle volume (4.5% for ST, 5.6% for DT; both P Ͻ 0.01). The stiffness of tendon-aponeurosis complex increased significantly after ST (55%; P ϭ 0.003) and DT (30%; P ϭ 0.033), while the stiffness of patella tendon increased significantly after ST (83%; P Ͻ 0.001), but not for DT (P ϭ 0.110). The blood volume of patella tendon increased significantly after DT (47%; P ϭ 0.016), but not for ST (P ϭ 0.205). These results implied that the changes in the blood volume of tendon would be related to differences in the effects of resistance training on the tendon properties. knee extensor; tendon stiffness; cross-sectional area; activation level RECENT STUDIES USING ULTRASONOGRAPHY demonstrated that the stiffness of human tendon increased after resistance training in vivo (2,17,21,25,35). According to these previous findings, there is much larger variability in the previously reported increase in tendon stiffness, ranging between 17 and 65%. In particular, the increases of tendon stiffness after the static training (ϩ58% Recent studies demonstrated that the blood flow and type I collagen synthesis of the human tendons changed during the physical activities (7, 8, 28 -32). For example, Boushel et al. (8) reported that the blood flow in the Achilles tendon rose up to sevenfold during intense plantar flexion exercise compared with values obtained at rest. Langberg et al. (32) showed that the acute exercise (3 h of running) caused the increased formation of type I collagen in the recovery period (72 h after exercise). In addition, Kjaer et al. (15) suggested that the blood circulation within the tendons would contribute to "repair of the tendon" after all sorts of physical activities. Indeed, some previous researchers showed that the blood supply of the human Achilles tendon was lower in the midsection compared with other regions of the tendon (e.g., Ref. 10), and thus the rupture of Achilles tendon occurred most commonly in this region (e.g., Ref. 9). Therefore, we should consider the eff...

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Effects of Isometric Training on Vertical Jumping

Cited by 9 publications

References 1 publication

Effects of isometric squat training on the tendon stiffness and jump performance

Effects of isometric squat training on the tendon stiffness and jump performance

Strength training and power output: Transference effects in the human quadriceps muscle

Effects of static and dynamic training on the stiffness and blood volume of tendon in vivo

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