Effects of Isomaltooligosaccharides with Different Degrees of Polymerization on Human Fecal Bifidobactcria

Kaneko, Tetsuya; Kohmoto, Takanobu; Kikuchi, Hiroe; Shiota, Masao; Iino, Hisakazu; Mitsuoka, Tomotari

doi:10.1271/bbb.58.2288

Cited by 111 publications

(74 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…Commercial preparations of isomaltooligosaccharides (IMO), typically including panose [␣-D-Glcp(1-6)-␣-D-Glcp(1-4)-D-Glcp], are potential prebiotics as humans and monogastric animals lack IMO-hydrolyzing enzymes except for the sucrase-isomaltase complex active on isomaltose (IG2) (22,24,29,32,49). This is consistent with the bifidogenic effect of IMO in the human gut (17,23) and increased lactobacillus numbers in rats due to IMO intake (25,43). Remarkably, utilization of IMO by human gut bacteria and especially lactobacilli is largely unexplored on the enzymatic level as no IMO-degrading enzymes from a probiotic have been characterized to date.…”

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confidence: 78%

Enzymology and Structure of the GH13_31 Glucan 1,6-α-Glucosidase That Confers Isomaltooligosaccharide Utilization in the Probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM

et al. 2012

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b Isomaltooligosaccharides (IMO) have been suggested as promising prebiotics that stimulate the growth of probiotic bacteria. Genomes of probiotic lactobacilli from the acidophilus group, as represented by Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM, encode ␣-1,6 glucosidases of the family GH13_31 (glycoside hydrolase family 13 subfamily 31) that confer degradation of IMO. These genes reside frequently within maltooligosaccharide utilization operons, which include an ATP-binding cassette transporter and ␣-glucan active enzymes, e.g., maltogenic amylases and maltose phosphorylases, and they also occur separated from any carbohydrate transport or catabolism genes on the genomes of some acidophilus complex members, as in L. acidophilus NCFM. Besides the isolated locus encoding a GH13_31 enzyme, the ABC transporter and another GH13 in the maltooligosaccharide operon were induced in response to IMO or maltotetraose, as determined by reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR) transcriptional analysis, suggesting coregulation of ␣-1,6-and ␣-1,4-glucooligosaccharide utilization loci in L. acidophilus NCFM. The L. acidophilus NCFM GH13_31 (LaGH13_31) was produced recombinantly and shown to be a glucan 1,6-␣-glucosidase active on IMO and dextran and product-inhibited by glucose. The catalytic efficiency of LaGH13_31 on dextran and the dextran/panose (trisaccharide) efficiency ratio were the highest reported for this class of enzymes, suggesting higher affinity at distal substrate binding sites. The crystal structure of LaGH13_31 was determined to a resolution of 2.05 Å and revealed additional substrate contacts at the ؉2 subsite in LaGH13_31 compared to the GH13_31 from Streptococcus mutans (SmGH13_31), providing a possible structural rationale to the relatively high affinity for dextran. A comprehensive phylogenetic and activity motif analysis mapped IMO utilization enzymes from gut microbiota to rationalize preferential utilization of IMO by gut residents.

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confidence: 78%

Enzymology and Structure of the GH13_31 Glucan 1,6-α-Glucosidase That Confers Isomaltooligosaccharide Utilization in the Probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM

et al. 2012

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“…In vitro resistance to pancreatic enzyme digestion has led nutrition companies to list IMO as a fibre. 5 However, previous research has demonstrated that isomaltose itself is almost completely digested (83% or more) by enzymes on the small intestinal border. 4,6 Soluble corn fibre is a newer digestion-resistant substance that still allows for the versatility of IMO in various food preparations.…”

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confidence: 99%

The effects of soluble corn fibre and isomaltooligosacharides on blood glucose, insulin, digestion and fermentation in healthy young males and females

Lowery

Wilson²,

Barninger³

et al. 2018

JMH

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Dietary fibre refers to nutrients in the diet that gastrointestinal enzymes do not digest. If properly labelled, dietary fibres should not significantly elevate blood glucose or insulin and should ferment in the large intestine. Because of the recent rise in low-carbohydrate products on the market, consumers use these various fibres without adequate knowledge concerning whether or not these ingredients affect any blood parameters and constitute a dietary fibre. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of isomaltooligosaccharides (IMO) as compared to soluble corn fibre (SCF) consumption on blood glucose, insulin and breath hydrogen responses in healthy young men and women. After an overnight fast, nine individuals consumed 25 g of either placebo (PLA), IMO or SCF. Breath hydrogen was significantly higher in the SCF condition than in the IMO and PLA at 90, 120, 150 and 180 min (p < 0.0001). Blood glucose and insulin were higher in the IMO condition (p < 0.0001) at 30 min compared to the SCF or PLA conditions, which were not significantly different from each other. These data suggest that IMO does not constitute a dietary fibre and instead should be explored as a slow-digesting carbohydrate.

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“…Isomalto-glucosaccharides (IMs) are one of the non-digestible saccharides, and they primarily consist of α-1,6-glycoside linkages. Ingestion of oligo-type IM increases fecal Bifidobacteria population in humans (8). However, it is unknown whether megalo-type IM has beneficial influence on health maintenance and promotion.…”

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confidence: 99%

<b>Megalo-type α-1,6-glucosaccharides induce production of tumor necrosis factor α in primary macrophages via toll-like receptor 4 </b><b>signaling </b>

Joe¹,

Andoh²,

Shinoki³

et al. 2016

Biomed. Res.

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The term "megalo-saccharide" is used for saccharides with ten or more saccharide units, whereas the term "oligo-saccharide" is used for saccharides containing fewer than ten monosaccharide units. Megalo-type α-1,6-glucosaccharide (M-IM) is a non-digestible saccharide and not utilized by intestinal bacteria, suggesting that ingested M-IM may encounter ileum Peyer's patches that contains immune cells such as macrophages. Macrophages are responsible for antigen incorporation and presentation during the initial step of immune responses. We investigated whether M-IMs modulate macrophage functions such as cytokine production, nitric oxide production, cell viability, and phagocytosis. Primary macrophages collected from the rats were cultured with the existence of M-IM or lipopolysaccharides (LPS). M-IM and LPS induced the production of tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), interleukin 6 (IL6), and nitric oxide in the primary macrophages. The gene expression profile of inflammatory factors including TNFα, IL6, and ILlβ in M-IM-stimulated cells was similar to that of LPS-stimulated cells. The M-IM did not affect phagocytosis in the primary macrophages. The M-IM-induced TNFα production was suppressed in the cells treated with a tolllike receptor 4 (TLR4) inhibitor called TAK-242. In conclusion, the M-IM modulates cytokine expression via TLR4 signaling and may play a role in the modulation of immune responses.

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Effects of Isomaltooligosaccharides with Different Degrees of Polymerization on Human Fecal Bifidobactcria

Cited by 111 publications

References 3 publications

Enzymology and Structure of the GH13_31 Glucan 1,6-α-Glucosidase That Confers Isomaltooligosaccharide Utilization in the Probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM

Enzymology and Structure of the GH13_31 Glucan 1,6-α-Glucosidase That Confers Isomaltooligosaccharide Utilization in the Probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus NCFM

The effects of soluble corn fibre and isomaltooligosacharides on blood glucose, insulin, digestion and fermentation in healthy young males and females

<b>Megalo-type α-1,6-glucosaccharides induce production of tumor necrosis factor α in primary macrophages via toll-like receptor 4 </b><b>signaling </b>

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