Effects of Isoflavonoids from Maackia Amurensis Roots on the Metabolic Reactions of the Liver in Experimental Toxic Hepatitis

Modern Trends in the In Vitro Production and Use of Callus, Suspension Cells and Root Cultures of Medicinal Plants

“…The transgenic potato and tomato plants were resistant to the Colorado potato beetle ( Leptinotarsa decemlineata ); the cotton plants were resistant to various insects, including the cotton bollworm. The use of insecticides has been reduced by 40–60% [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ].…”

“…Genetic engineers have developed transgenic plants with an extended period of fruit ripening. Such tomatoes, for example, can be harvested when ripe without fear that they will overripen during transportation [ 15 , 22 , 25 ].…”

“…Since plant cells remain totipotent throughout the entire life cycle, a whole plant can be obtained from one modified cell. On the one hand, this approach makes it possible to introduce traits into plants that cannot be obtained using traditional breeding; on the other hand, genetic engineering allows the transfer of a separate gene responsible for a specific trait, which reduces the risk of losing an already established genotype [ 22 , 25 , 28 ].…”

“…The second group of traits is of interest directly to consumers: modification of the taste and aroma of fruits, an increase in the duration of their storage, a change in the color of flowers, seedlessness and an improvement in the nutritional value of plants. The third group includes plants with biofactories capable of synthesizing vaccines, enzymes, biopolymers and other useful substances [ 22 , 25 , 35 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 ].…”

“…One of the genetic features of Ri plasmids is the presence of several rol genes (from the English “root locus”): rolA, rolB, rolC and rolD. Recently, a group of Russian authors published a review in which each of these genes was considered in detail, and suggestions were made regarding the role of each of them in the formation of hairy roots [ 22 ]. Earlier, other scientists examined the rol-genes of A. rhizogenes for their effect on the synthesis of secondary metabolites in plants [ 38 ].…”