“…However, it is unclear what dose of radiation is given to each tumor cell, and the result may be that some tumor cells are killed while others are phenotypically modified. Although a single, sublethal, low dose of radiation (Յ20Gy) was used in this study, previous studies suggest that similar protein level increases are observed at higher doses of radiation (6,40). In addition, fractionation, as radiation is often given in the clinic, achieved similar response rates both in vitro and in vivo similar to that of a bolus dose in a preclinical model (6,47).…”