Effects of irradiance of various wavelengths from light-emitting diodes on the growth of the harmful dinoflagellate Heterocapsa circularisquama and the diatom Skeletonema costatum

Abstract

We investigated the effects of specific light wavelengths from light-emitting diodes (LEDs) on the growth of the dinoflagellate Heterocapsa circularisquama, which kills bivalves, and the diatom Skeletonema costatum, which is an important food source for bivalves. Growth of H. circularisquama was obviously inhibited at 590 nm and a photon flux density less than 75 mmol quanta/m 2 /s. However, growth of S. costatum was not suppressed by irradiance from any LEDs tested from near-ultraviolet to near-infrared wavelengths at 75 mmol quanta/m 2 /s. The growth rate of H. circularisquama in an experimental treatment group with irradiance provided by both cool-white fluorescent lamps (12:12 h L : D cycle) and a 590-nm LED (continuous irradiance) was 0.43/day. In the control group with irradiance provided only by cool-white fluorescent lamps (12:12 h L : D cycle), the growth rate was 0.63/day, indicating that growth of H. circularisquama was suppressed by 590 nm (less than 75 mmol quanta/m 2 /s) irradiance from the LED and the continuous irradiance. The use of 590-nm LEDs in bivalve culture at irradiance levels less than 75 mmol quanta/m 2 /s might encourage the growth of the useful diatom S. costatum without stimulating growth of the harmful dinoflagellate H. circularisquama.

Implications for photonic applications of diatom growth and frustule nanostructure changes in response to different light wavelengths

“…In the present study, the lowest growth rate was obtained at Y light at an intensity of 100 μmol photons m -2 ·s -1 , similar to previous studies using Haslea ostrearia [11,25]. However, at high irradiance (300 μmol photons m -2 ·s -1 ), the different wavelengths had no significant effect on the mean maximum growth rates.…”

“…As shown in Fig. 1 treatments in the previous work [11,25,27]. One of the underlying reasons for this phenomenon might be enhancement of chlorophyll synthesis by blue light due to the light adaptation in natural water [28,29].…”

“…Utilization of these frustules could reduce the production cost compared with traditional artificial crystal materials. Previous studies have indicated that the proposed diatom photonic applications depend on their precise nanostructure [11][12][13]. Therefore control and manipulation of the nanostructures is presented as one of the key technical challenges [9,14].…”

Growth and uptake kinetics of nitrate and phosphate by benthic microalgae for phytoremediation of eutrophic coastal sediments

“…The spectral quality of light is known to affect many aspects of the physiology: pigment composition, photosynthesis, chemical composition, growth rate, and ion transport (Wallen and Geen, 1971;Kowallik, 1987;Oh et al, 2008;Das et al, 2011). Some researchers have investigated the effects of monochromatic light on growth in several microalgae (Sánchez-Saavedra and Voltolina, 1994;Oh et al, 2006Oh et al, , 2008Wang et al, 2007;Das et al, 2011). Some diatoms (e.g.…”

“…and Nannochloropsis sp.) have been grown under all wavelengths (blue, yellow, red), and the wavelength for optimal growth was shown differ by species (Sánchez-Saavedra and Voltolina, 1994;Wang et al, 2007;Oh et al, 2008;Das et al, 2011). On the other hand, the growth of some dinoflagellates (e.g.…”