Effects of irradiance and temperature on the growth and feeding of the obligate mixotrophic dinoflagellate Gymnodinium smaydae

You, Ji Hyun; Jeong, Hae Jin; Lim, An Suk; Ok, Jin Hee; Kang, Hee Chang

doi:10.1007/s00227-020-3678-y

Cited by 15 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 90 publications

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“…steinii,and Heterocapsa sp. CCMP3244) and Scrippsiella acuminata, among 19 tested algal species (Lee et al 2014a, You et al 2020. Its maximum growth rate is the highest among mixotrophic dinoflagellates (Berge et al 2008, Lee et al 2014a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Its maximum growth rate is the highest among mixotrophic dinoflagellates (Berge et al 2008, Lee et al 2014a). However, it can grow well when fed on prey and does not grow without prey (Lee et al 2014a, You et al 2020, indicating that its growth rate may be primarily affected by prey availability. In addition, in a previous study, the growth rate of G. smaydae was also significantly affected by light intensity and water temperature (You et al 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatial-temporal distributions of the newly described mixotrophic dinoflagellate Gymnodinium smaydae in Korean coastal waters

Lee¹,

Jeong²,

Ok³

et al. 2020

ALGAE

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Gymnodinium smaydae is a newly described mixotrophic dinoflagellate that feeds on only Heterocapsa spp. and Scrippsiella acuminata among 19 tested algal prey. It is one of the fastest growing dinoflagellates when feeding, but does not grow well without prey. To investigate its spatial-temporal distributions in Korean waters, we quantified its abundance in water samples that were seasonally collected from 28 stations along the Korean Peninsula from April 2015 to October 2018, using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reactions. This dinoflagellate had a wide distribution, as reflected by the detection of G. smaydae cells at 23 of the sampling stations. However, this distribution had a strong seasonality; it was detected at 21 stations in the summer and only one station in winter. The abundance of G. smaydae was significantly and positively correlated with chlorophyll a concentration as well as with water temperature. However, there were no significant correlations between the abundance of G. smaydae and salinity, concentrations of nutrients, or dissolved oxygen concentration. During the study period, G. smaydae was present when water temperatures were 7.6-28.0°C, salinities were 9.6-34.1, concentrations of NO 3 were not detectable-106.0 μM, and concentrations of PO 4 were not detectable-3.4 μM. The highest abundance of G. smaydae was 18.5 cells mL-1 in the coastal waters of Jinhae in July 2017 when the chlorophyll a concentration was 127 mg m-3 and water temperature was 23.8°C. Therefore, the spatialtemporal distribution of G. smaydae in Korean coastal waters may be affected by chlorophyll a concentration and water temperature.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial-temporal distributions of the newly described mixotrophic dinoflagellate Gymnodinium smaydae in Korean coastal waters

Lee¹,

Jeong²,

Ok³

et al. 2020

ALGAE

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“…Second, this species was found to be non-toxic in bioassays (Lim et al 2018). Third, the optimal temperature and light intensity supporting maximum growth of this microalga have already been determined (You et al 2020). Therefore, if this species contains high EPA or DHA contents, it can be a strong candidate for commercial omega-3 production.…”

Section: Effect Of Prey Supply Intervals On Growth Rate and Fatty Acimentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The specific growth rates of G. smaydae fed with H. rotundata were the highest at 25℃, under 50 µmol photon m -2 s -1 light-emitting diode (LED) illumination and 14 : 10-h light : dark cycle (You et al 2020). Thus, experimental cultures were prepared under these conditions.…”

Section: Culture Of Gymnodinium Smaydae and Its Prey Speciesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Determining the optimal prey species, prey concentration, prey supply interval, and light and temperature conditions may be critical for increasing the cell density and culture volume of a target mixotrophic dinoflagellate. We previously identified the optimal prey species, prey concentration, and light and temperature for culturing G. smaydae (Lee et al 2014, You et al 2020. Providing a very dense prey culture in a single dose to a mixotrophic dinoflagellate may reduce labor and production costs.…”

Section: Referencementioning

confidence: 99%

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Semi-continuous cultivation of the mixotrophic dinoflagellate Gymnodinium smaydae, a new promising microalga for omega-3 production

Lim¹,

Jeong²,

You³

et al. 2020

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Omega-3 fatty acids, including eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are polyunsaturated fatty acids beneficial to human health. A limited number of microalgae have been used for commercial omega-3 production, which necessitates the identification of new microalgae with high omega-3 contents. We explored the fatty acid composition and EPA and DHA contents of the mixotrophic dinoflagellate Gymnodinium smaydae fed with the optimal algal prey species Heterocapsa rotundata. Cells of G. smaydae were found to be rich in omega-3 fatty acids. In particular, the DHA content of G. smaydae was 21 mg g-1 dry weight, accounting for 43% of the total fatty acid content. The percentage of DHA in the total fatty acid content of G. smaydae was the highest among the reported microalgae except for Crypthecodinium cohnii. Moreover, to determine if the prey supply interval affected the growth rate of G. smaydae and its fatty acid content, three different prey supply intervals (daily, once every 2 d, and once for 4 d) were tested. Daily prey supply yielded the highest total fatty acid and DHA contents in G. smaydae. Furthermore, we successfully produced high-density G. smaydae cultures semi-continuously for 43 d with daily prey supply. During the semi-continuous cultivation period, the highest density of G. smaydae was 57,000 cells mL-1 , with an average growth rate of 0.7 d-1. Taken together, the percentage of EPA and DHA in the total fatty acid content was maintained in the range of 54.2-56.9%. The results of this study support G. smaydae as a promising microalgal candidate for commercial DHA production and demonstrate that daily supply of prey can efficiently produce high-density G. smaydae cultures for more than a month.

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Effects of temperature on the autotrophic and mixotrophic growth rates of the dinoflagellate Biecheleria cincta and its spatiotemporal distributions under current temperature and global warming conditions

You

Jeong

et al. 2023

Mar Biol

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Effects of irradiance and temperature on the growth and feeding of the obligate mixotrophic dinoflagellate Gymnodinium smaydae

Cited by 15 publications

References 90 publications

Spatial-temporal distributions of the newly described mixotrophic dinoflagellate Gymnodinium smaydae in Korean coastal waters

Spatial-temporal distributions of the newly described mixotrophic dinoflagellate Gymnodinium smaydae in Korean coastal waters

Semi-continuous cultivation of the mixotrophic dinoflagellate Gymnodinium smaydae, a new promising microalga for omega-3 production

Effects of temperature on the autotrophic and mixotrophic growth rates of the dinoflagellate Biecheleria cincta and its spatiotemporal distributions under current temperature and global warming conditions

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