Effects of Iron Overload and Oxidative Damage on the Musculoskeletal System in the Space Environment: Data from Spaceflights and Ground-Based Simulation Models

Yang, Juhua; Zhang, Gejing; Dong, Di; Shang, Peng

doi:10.3390/ijms19092608

Cited by 33 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 130 publications

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“…The biological role of diverse nutritional, nutraceutical, and aromatic iotas is worthy of being studied, considering that beneficial components can be incorporated directly into new chemotypes [ 2 , 80 , 81 ]. For instance, space travelers will need extra calcium and vitamin D for bone weakening, the proper amount of proteins to counteract sarcopenia, low iron to avoid overload, and low-sulfur protein intake for acid-base balancing [ 54 , 82 , 83 , 84 , 85 ]. Extra flavor molecules to increase food enjoyment may be necessary because astronauts may experience a dulling of the olfaction that is known to reduce food intake [ 86 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Summary II. A total of 33 references ([ 7 , 10 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 27 , 45 , 46 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 73 , 76 , 77 , 79 , 82 , 83 , 84 , 85 ]) were used to scope the following nutritional commonalities between post-operative (hospital-based) vs. space station (planetary) issues. The use of single-serving prepackaged meals; the need to establish demand-driven systems that crosstalk and reduce food waste; the importance of guaranteeing food safety and human engagement throughout the process; the need to support the musculoskeletal health; the interest in some nutrients (i.e., proteins, calcium, iron, vitamin D); the need for boosting food flavors to increase appetite, palatability, hedonic appreciation, and food intake.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nutritional Orthopedics and Space Nutrition as Two Sides of the Same Coin: A Scoping Review

Briguglio

2021

Nutrients

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Since the Moon landing, nutritional research has been charged with the task of guaranteeing human health in space. In addition, nutrition applied to Orthopedics has developed in recent years, driven by the need to improve the efficiency of the treatment path by enhancing the recovery after surgery. As a result, nutritional sciences have specialized into two distinct fields of research: Nutritional Orthopedics and Space Nutrition. The former primarily deals with the nutritional requirements of old patients in hospitals, whereas the latter focuses on the varied food challenges of space travelers heading to deep space. Although they may seem disconnected, they both investigate similar nutritional issues. This scoping review shows what these two disciplines have in common, highlighting the mutual features between (1) pre-operative vs. pre-launch nutritional programs, (2) hospital-based vs. space station nutritional issues, and (3) post-discharge vs. deep space nutritional resilience. PubMed and Google Scholar were used to collect documents published from 1950 to 2020, from which 44 references were selected on Nutritional Orthopedics and 44 on Space Nutrition. Both the orthopedic patient and the astronaut were found to suffer from food insecurity, malnutrition, musculoskeletal involution, flavor/pleasure issues, fluid shifts, metabolic stresses, and isolation/confinement. Both fields of research aid the planning of demand-driven food systems and advanced nutritional approaches, like tailored diets with nutrients of interest (e.g., vitamin D and calcium). The nutritional features of orthopedic patients on Earth and of astronauts in space are undeniably related. Consequently, it is important to initiate close collaborations between orthopedic nutritionists and space experts, with the musculoskeletal-related dedications playing as common fuel.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutritional Orthopedics and Space Nutrition as Two Sides of the Same Coin: A Scoping Review

Briguglio

2021

Nutrients

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“…We summarize the reactions of both the innate and the adaptive immune cells to different types of MFs in Table 1. Generally, upon exposure to a very low-frequency AMF (50-75 Hz, 0.8-7 mT), the innate immune cells get more activated and initiate the inflammatory responses in mice and rats (9,(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21). Natural killer cells (NK cells) are found to be more cytotoxic under 0.4 T SMF Abbreviations: AMF, alternating magnetic fields; DC, dendritic cell; EMF, electromagnetic field; FTH, heavy chain H-ferritin; FPN1, ferroportin-1; GPX4, glutathione peroxidase; HGMF, high-gradient magnetic field; HO-1, heme oxygenase-1; MDSC, myeloid-derived suppressor cell; MF, magnetic field; MRI, magnetic resonance imaging; NK cell, natural killer cell; NP, nanoparticle; OC, osteoclast; ROS, reactive oxygen species; SMF, static magnetic field; TCR, T-cell receptor; TfR1, transferrin receptor-1.…”

Section: Immune Reactions Under Various Types Of Mfsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Innate Immune Regulation Under Magnetic Fields With Possible Mechanisms and Therapeutic Applications

Lei

Pan

et al. 2020

Front. Immunol.

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With the wide applications of magnetic fields (MFs) in medicine, researchers from different disciplines have gained interest in understanding the effect of various types of MFs on living cells and organisms. In this paper, we mainly focus on the immunological and physical aspects of the immune responses and their mechanisms under different types of MFs. Immune cells were slightly affected by low-frequency alternating MFs but were strongly influenced by moderate-intensity MFs and high-gradient MFs (HGMFs). Larger immune cells, such as macrophages, were more sensitive to HGMFs, which biased the cell polarization into the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype. Subject to the gradient forces of varying directions and strength, the elongated M2 macrophage also remodeled the cytoskeleton with actin polymerization and changed the membrane receptors and ion channel gating. These alterations were very similar to changes caused by the small GTPase RhoA interference in macrophage. Regulation of iron metabolism may also contribute to the MF effects in macrophages. High MFs were found to regulate the iron content in monocyte-/macrophage-derived osteoclasts by affecting the expression of iron-regulation genes. On the other hand, paramagnetic nanoparticles (NPs) combined with external MFs play an important role in T-cell immunity. Paramagnetic NP-coated Tcells can cluster their T-cell receptors (TCRs) by using an external MF, thus increasing the cell-cell contact and communication followed by enhanced tumor killing capacity. The external MF can also guide the adoptively transferred magnetic NP-coated T-cells to their target sites in vivo, thus dramatically increasing the efficiency of cell therapy. Additionally, iron oxide NPs for ferroptosis-based cancer therapy and other MF-related therapeutic applications with obstacles were also addressed. Furthermore, for a profound understanding of the effect of MFs on immune cells, multidisciplinary research involving both experimental research and theoretical modeling is essential.

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“…When stimulated by mechanical strain (Wang et al, 2019), osteocytes can regulate osteoblast proliferation and differentiation by releasing signaling molecules, such as nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2, and adenosine triphosphate (Bakker et al, 2001;Genetos et al, 2005). Studies have shown that bed-ridden patients and astronauts develop osteoporosis due to reduced mechanical bone stimulation, but the mechanism of this phenomenon remains unclear (Norvell et al, 2004;Sibonga, 2013;Yang et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Osteoblast and Osteoclast Activity Affect Bone Remodeling Upon Regulation by Mechanical Loading-Induced Leukemia Inhibitory Factor Expression in Osteocytes

Yang

et al. 2020

Front. Mol. Biosci.

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PurposeBone remodeling is affected by mechanical stimulation. Osteocytes are the primary mechanical load-sensing cells in the bone, and can regulate osteoblast and osteoclast activity, thus playing a key role in bone remodeling. Further, bone mass during exercise is also regulated by Leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF). This study aimed to investigate the role of LIF in the mechanical response of the bone, in vivo and in vitro, and to elucidate the mechanism by which osteocytes secrete LIF to regulate osteoblasts and osteoclasts.MethodsA tail-suspension (TS) mouse model was used in this study to mimic muscular disuse. ELISA and immunohistochemistry were performed to detect bone and serum LIF levels. Micro-computed tomography (CT) of the mouse femurs was performed to measure three-dimensional bone structure parameters. Fluid shear stress (FSS) and microgravity simulation experiments were performed to study mechanical stress-induced LIF secretion and its resultant effects. Bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) and bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) were cultured to induce in vitro osteoclastogenesis and osteogenesis, respectively.ResultsMicro-CT results showed that TS mice exhibited deteriorated bone microstructure and lower serum LIF expression. LIF secretion by osteocytes was promoted by FSS and was repressed in a microgravity environment. Further experiments showed that LIF could elevate the tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase activity in BMM-derived osteoclasts through the STAT3 signaling pathway. LIF also enhanced alkaline phosphatase staining and osteogenesis-related gene expression during the osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs.ConclusionMechanical loading affected LIF expression levels in osteocytes, thereby altering the balance between osteoclastogenesis and osteogenesis.

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Effects of Iron Overload and Oxidative Damage on the Musculoskeletal System in the Space Environment: Data from Spaceflights and Ground-Based Simulation Models

Cited by 33 publications

References 130 publications

Nutritional Orthopedics and Space Nutrition as Two Sides of the Same Coin: A Scoping Review

Nutritional Orthopedics and Space Nutrition as Two Sides of the Same Coin: A Scoping Review

Innate Immune Regulation Under Magnetic Fields With Possible Mechanisms and Therapeutic Applications

Osteoblast and Osteoclast Activity Affect Bone Remodeling Upon Regulation by Mechanical Loading-Induced Leukemia Inhibitory Factor Expression in Osteocytes

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