Effects of intraventricular and intrahypothalamic injection of noradrenaline and 5‐HT on body temperature in conscious rabbits.

Cooper, K. E.; Cranston, W. I.; Honour, A. J.

doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1965.sp007801

Cited by 206 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Similar responses were found in the dog and monkey. Infusion of 5-HT caused a fall and noradrenaline a rise in body temperature in the rabbit (Cooper, Cranston & Honour, 1965), and in the sheep (Bligh, 1966). In the goat (Anderssen, Jobin & Olsson, 1966) 5-HT caused a fall in temperature, while noradrenaline had no effect.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

THE INTERRELATION OF HYPOTHERMIA AND DEPLETION OF NORADRENALINE, DOPAMINE AND 5‐HYDROXYTRYPTAMINE FROM BRAIN BY RESERPINE, p‐CHLOROPHENYLALANINE AND α‐METHYLMETATYROSINE

Somerville¹,

Whittle²

1967

British Journal of Pharmacology and Chemotherapy

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It was shown in 1955 by Pletscher, Shore & Brodie that the sedative and autonomic effects of reserpine in animals were associated with the depletion of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and catecholamines from central and peripheral stores. Because of its lack of specificity reserpine is an unsatisfactory tool for distinguishing between the effects of depletion of noradrenaline (NA) and dopamine (DA) on the one hand and 5-HT on the other. Agents are now available which will deplete either catecholamines or 5-HT specifically and we have compared the effects of these depleting agents on body temperature with that of reserpine.The drugs which we have used for this purpose are p-chlorophenylalanine, an inhibitor of tryptophan hydroxylase, which has been shown by Koe & Weissman (1966) to deplete the brain 5-HT of rats to less than 10% of normal without appreciably affecting the catecholamine concentrations, and a-methyl-m-tyrosine (a-MMT), which depletes NA and DA without lowering 5-HT. The time course of the action of a-MMT is such that at 4 hr depletion of both NA and DA is maximal, while at 17 hr NA is still lowered and recovery of DA is almost complete (Moore, 1966).A preliminary account of this work was given at the British Pharmacological Society meeting in Nottingham on January 6, 1967. METHODS p-Chlorophenylalanine (p-C1-Phe) was kindly supplied by Pfizer Ltd. Other drugs were obtained commercially. p-Cl-Phe and a-MMT were injected as ball-milled suspensions or as solutions prepared by dissolving the amino acid in N/I sodium hydroxide and adding N/10 HCI to give a solution of pH 6-7. p-CI-Phe was given at the rate of 150 mg/kg intraperitoneally twice daily for 3 days. This regime was adopted since the single dose of 316 mg/kg used by Koe & Weissman (1966) was found to be much less active in mice than in rats. a-MMT was given at the rate of 100 mg/kg intraperitoneally 4 or 17 hr before reserpine. The hydrochloride of phenoxybenzamine, propranolol (Inderal), guanethidine sulphate and bretylium tosylate were dosed at the rate of 30 mg base/kg subcutaneously.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

THE INTERRELATION OF HYPOTHERMIA AND DEPLETION OF NORADRENALINE, DOPAMINE AND 5‐HYDROXYTRYPTAMINE FROM BRAIN BY RESERPINE, p‐CHLOROPHENYLALANINE AND α‐METHYLMETATYROSINE

Somerville¹,

Whittle²

1967

British Journal of Pharmacology and Chemotherapy

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“…For instance, the two catecholamines lower body temperature in cats, dogs and monkeys, raise it in rabbits and sheep, and have no effect on goats and oxen. On the other hand, 5-HT raises temperature in cats, dogs and monkeys, has a weak and inconsistent hypothermic effect in rabbits and sheep, and produces pronounced hypothermia in goats and oxen (von Euler, Linder & Myrin, 1943;Feldberg & Myers, 1964;Cooper, Cranston & Honour, 1965;Andersson, Jobin & Olsson, 1966;Bligh, 1966; Feldberg, Hellon & Lotti, 1967; Feldberg & Lotti, 1967;Findlay & Robertshaw, 1967).…”

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confidence: 99%

Temperature Responses to Monoamines and an Inhibitor of Mao Injected Into the Cerebral Ventricles of Rats

Feldberg

Lotti

1967

British Journal of Pharmacology and Chemotherapy

149

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The effects on body temperature of noradrenaline, adrenaline and 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), when injected into the cerebral ventricles vary in different species. For instance, the two catecholamines lower body temperature in cats, dogs and monkeys, raise it in rabbits and sheep, and have no effect on goats and oxen. On the other hand, 5-HT raises temperature in cats, dogs and monkeys, has a weak and inconsistent hypothermic effect in rabbits and sheep, and produces pronounced hypothermia in goats and oxen (von Euler, Linder & Myrin, 1943;Feldberg & Myers, 1964;Cooper, Cranston & Honour, 1965;Andersson, Jobin & Olsson, 1966;Bligh, 1966; Feldberg, Hellon & Lotti, 1967; Feldberg & Lotti, 1967;Findlay & Robertshaw, 1967).As shown in the present experiments, rats respond differently again to the monoamines injected into the cerebral ventricles. As in goats and oxen, 5-HT produces a fall in rectal temperature, but the catecholamines are not inactive-according to dosage they produce hyper-or hypothermic effects.Up to now, the effect of intraventricular injections of the MAO inhibitor tranylcypromine on body temperature has been examined in three species (El Hawary, Feldberg & Lotti, 1967; Feldberg & Lotti, 1967). In cats and dogs in which 5-HT produces hyperthermia, tranylcypromine also raises body temperature, but in rabbits in which 5-HT has a weak and inconsistent hypothermic effect, tranylcypromine did not affect temperature. The question thus arose of how it would affect temperature in a species like the rat in which intraventricular 5-HT lowers rectal temperature. METHODSSprague-Dawley rats of either sex weighing 250-280 g were used. Rectal temperature was measured with a thermistor probe inserted about 6 cm into the rectum and taped to the base of the tail. Temperature was monitored continuously by a Kent multichannel recorder. The figures in this paper are plotted directly from the tracings obtained in this way. The rats were placed in a 19-cm long tunnel-shaped wire mesh container, with a flat bottom and front made of cork. The back was a removable rubber bung of 6 cm diameter with a hole for the tail and thermistor probe. For the injections, the rats were removed from the container and returned immediately afterwards.Room temperature was between 21 and 230 C.

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“…These changes could possibly be related to compensatory inhibition of resting metabolic rate (21,29) by which underweight hamsters regulate their energy balance (7) or any of other behavioral and physiological consequences of food restriction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hippocampal serotonin mediates hypoactivity in dietarily obese hamsters: A possible manifestation of aging?

Borer

Bonna

Kielb

1988

Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior

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BORER, K. T., R. BONNA AND M. KIELB. Hippocampal serotonin mediates hypoactivity in dietarily obese hamsters:A possible manifestation of aging? PHARMACOL BIOCHEM BEHAV 31(4) [885][886][887][888][889][890][891][892] 1988.--To determine whether endogenous opiates mediate hyperactivity in food restricted hamsters and serotonergic fibers innervating the hippocampus mediate hypoactivity in obese hamsters, food restriction and high-fat diet supplementation were used to produce significant body fat changes (8 vs. 21%). The levels and pattern of spontaneous running were examined after IP saline or naloxone HC1 (20 mg/kg) and following the infusion of vehicle and 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine creatine sulfate (4/~g/2/zl) into rostromedial septum of mature female hamsters. Septum-medial preoptic area (POA), hippocampus, hypothalamus, and cortex were dissected from the three groups as well as from two additional groups of hamsters receiving vehicle or neurotoxin. Concentrations of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine were measured in these tissues by HPLC method. Fat-fed hamsters were hypoactive relative to food-restricted hamsters. Naloxone had no significant effect on running behavior. Serotonin neurotoxin increased the running activity of fat-fed hamsters to the level displayed by control hamsters by increasing the number of runs, the total activity level, the speed of running and by decreasing the duration of pause:~. Neurotoxin led to selective deletion of serotonin in the hippocampus (77~) and parietal cortex (50%). Serotonergic fiber~ innervating the hippocampus thus appear to mediate the hypoactivity that is induced by dietary obesity iv. mature hamsters. Since serotonin mediates some other manifestations of aging, and slow weight increases characterize mid-portion of hamster life span, we hypothesize that serotonergic mediation of hypoactivity is another manifestation of aging. FastingHyperactivity Naloxone Limbic forebrain MECHANISMS which regulate body energy balance and control spontaneous running behavior are interrelated. This is apparent at the time of sexual maturation in rodents when there is a rapid increase in spontaneous running activity to an all-time high at the same time as the rate of somatic growth and of weight gain rapidly decline (8). It is also evident after the onset of sexual maturity, during the period of slow weight gain when activity levels decline in inverse proportion to increases in body size (4,8,37). Thus, when the weight of mature hamsters doubles, their spontaneous activity levels are reduced by about 50% (4,8). Furthermore, when accumulation of excess energy results in obesity, mice (45), rats (37,40), and hamsters (5) display even greater spontaneous hypoactivity.Reciprocal relationship between energy regulation and spontaneous running remains intact after some neurosurgical manipulations which affect both mechanisms. In the hamster, voluntary running levels are reduced by 80% following electrocoagulative lesions of rostromedial septum (10), horizontal transection of septo-hippocam...

show abstract

Effects of intraventricular and intrahypothalamic injection of noradrenaline and 5‐HT on body temperature in conscious rabbits.

Cited by 206 publications

References 12 publications

THE INTERRELATION OF HYPOTHERMIA AND DEPLETION OF NORADRENALINE, DOPAMINE AND 5‐HYDROXYTRYPTAMINE FROM BRAIN BY RESERPINE, p‐CHLOROPHENYLALANINE AND α‐METHYLMETATYROSINE

THE INTERRELATION OF HYPOTHERMIA AND DEPLETION OF NORADRENALINE, DOPAMINE AND 5‐HYDROXYTRYPTAMINE FROM BRAIN BY RESERPINE, p‐CHLOROPHENYLALANINE AND α‐METHYLMETATYROSINE

Temperature Responses to Monoamines and an Inhibitor of Mao Injected Into the Cerebral Ventricles of Rats

Hippocampal serotonin mediates hypoactivity in dietarily obese hamsters: A possible manifestation of aging?

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