Effects of Intraspecific Competition and Host-Parasitoid Developmental Timing on Foraging Behaviour of a Parasitoid Wasp

Couchoux, Christelle; Nouhuys, Saskya van

doi:10.1007/s10905-013-9420-6

Cited by 14 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 67 publications

(99 reference statements)

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“…Differences in competition may explain the strong difference between the foraging strategies of the parasitoid and the hyperparasitoid. The adult female parasitoid experiences both interspecific competition [59] and very strong intraspecific competition for hosts [21,60], which leads to the behaviour of monitoring of potential host patches by multiple individuals over weeks [61]. This may drive them to disperse widely during egg laying.…”

Section: Results (A) Genetic Diversity Of the Hyperparasitoidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and temporal genetic structure at the fourth trophic level in a fragmented landscape

et al. 2016

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A fragmented habitat becomes increasingly fragmented for species at higher trophic levels, such as parasitoids. To persist, these species are expected to possess life-history traits, such as high dispersal, that facilitate their ability to use resources that become scarce in fragmented landscapes. If a specialized parasitoid disperses widely to take advantage of a sparse host, then the parasitoid population should have lower genetic structure than the host. We investigated the temporal and spatial genetic structure of a hyperparasitoid (fourth trophic level) in a fragmented landscape over 50 Â 70 km, using microsatellite markers, and compared it with the known structures of its host parasitoid, and the butterfly host which lives as a classic metapopulation. We found that population genetic structure decreases with increasing trophic level. The hyperparasitoid has fewer genetic clusters (K ¼ 4), than its host parasitoid (K ¼ 15), which in turn is less structured than the host butterfly (K ¼ 27). The genetic structure of the hyperparasitoid also shows temporal variation, with genetic differentiation increasing due to reduction of the population size, which reduces the effective population size. Overall, our study confirms the idea that specialized species must be dispersive to use a fragmented host resource, but that this adaptation has limits.

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Section: Results (A) Genetic Diversity Of the Hyperparasitoidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial and temporal genetic structure at the fourth trophic level in a fragmented landscape

et al. 2016

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“…Melitaea cinxia egg clusters contain only about 150 eggs (Saastamoinen, 2007). Couchoux and van Nouhuys (2014) found that female H. horticola containx = 550 (±173 SD) mature eggs in their oviducts under laboratory conditions. Because H. horticola is synovigenic, it is likely to mature new eggs to replace those that are used (Jervis et al, 2001).…”

Section: Species Specific Biological Constraint: Wasp Egg Limitationmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Most individuals successfully parasitize significantly fewer hosts than they have eggs, and egg limitation cannot dictate the average foraging behavior. Additionally, if host egg clusters differed in quality and wasps were choosey, then the rate of parasitism is predicted to vary greatly from cluster to cluster, which it does not, even with respect to egg cluster size (van Nouhuys and Ehrnsten, 2004;Couchoux and van Nouhuys, 2014).…”

Section: Species Specific Biological Constraint: Wasp Egg Limitationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Puzzle of Partial Resource Use by a Parasitoid Wasp

Montovan

Couchoux

Jones

et al. 2015

The American Naturalist

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When there is conspicuous underexploitation of a limited resource, it is worth asking, what mechanisms allow presumably valuable resources to be left unused? Evolutionary biologists have generated a wide variety of hypotheses to explain this, ranging from interdemic group selection to selfishly prudent individual restraint. We consider a situation in which, despite high intraspecific competition, individuals leave most of a key resource unexploited. The parasitic wasp that does this finds virtually all host egg clusters in a landscape but parasitizes only about a third of the eggs in each and then leaves a deterrent mark around the cluster. We first test-and reject-a series of system-specific simple constraints that might limit full host exploitation, such as asynchronous maturation of host eggs. We then consider classical hypotheses for the evolution of restraint. Prudent predation and bet-hedging fail as explanations because the wasp lives as a large, well-mixed population. Additionally, we find no individual benefits to the parasitoid of developing in a sparsely parasitized host nest. However, an optimal foraging model, including empirically measured costs of superparasitism and hyperparasitism, can explain through individual selection both the consistently low rate of parasitism and deterrent marking.

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“…In the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster and parasitoid wasp Hyposoter horticola , behavioral plasticity was also identified [19–20]. Similarly, the black bean aphid ( Aphis fabae ) showed high plasticity in host choice behaviors [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Probing behaviors and their plasticity for the aphid Sitobion avenae on three alternative host plants

et al. 2018

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Insects may develop different behavioral phenotypes in response to heterogeneous environments (e.g., host plants), but the plasticity of their feeding behaviors has been rarely explored. In order to address the issue, clones of the English grain aphid, Sitobion avenae (Fabricius), were collected from wheat, and their probing behaviors were recorded on three plants. Our results demonstrated that S. avenae individuals on the alternative plants (i.e., barley and oat) tended to have higher frequency of non-probing (Np), increased duration of the pathway phase, increased phloem salivation, and decreased phloem ingestion (E2), compared to those on the source plant (i.e., wheat), showing the resistance of barley and oat to this aphid’s feeding. This aphid showed apparently high extents of plasticity for all test probing behaviors on barley or oat. Positive selection for higher extents of plasticity in E2 duration was identified on barley and oat. The factor ‘clone’ alone explained 30.6% to 70.1% of the total variance for each behavioral plasticity, suggesting that the divergence of probing behavior plasticity in S. avenae had a genetic basis. This aphid’s fitness correlated positively with the plasticity of Np frequency and E2 frequency. Some behaviors and their corresponding plasticities (e.g., the frequency of xylem ingestion and its plasticity) were found to be correlated characters, probably reflecting the limits for the evolution of higher extents of behavioral plasticity in this aphid. The differential probing behaviors and their plasticity in S. avenae can have significant implications for the adaptation and management of aphids on different plants.

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Effects of Intraspecific Competition and Host-Parasitoid Developmental Timing on Foraging Behaviour of a Parasitoid Wasp

Cited by 14 publications

References 67 publications

Spatial and temporal genetic structure at the fourth trophic level in a fragmented landscape

Spatial and temporal genetic structure at the fourth trophic level in a fragmented landscape

The Puzzle of Partial Resource Use by a Parasitoid Wasp

Probing behaviors and their plasticity for the aphid Sitobion avenae on three alternative host plants

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