Effects of intragastric ethanol administration on gastric acid secretion and gastrointestinal hormone release in dogs.

Abstract

Dogs with a vagally denervated (Heidenhain) pouch and a gastric fistula were used to investigate the humoral mechanism which would affect the gastric acid secretion following acute intragastric ethanol administration. Ethanol solutions induced a doserelated secretion of gastric acid. Although plasma gastrin levels increased after the loading of both 20% and 30% ethanol solutions, there was a discrepancy between total acid output and the integrated gastrin response. Plasma secretin levels also augmented after the administration of ethanol solutions, with a delay of about one hour after the onset of acid secretion. The response of gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) to ethanol was very slight, similar to that of insulin. There was a significant rise in plasma glucose levels after the instillation of 30% ethanol solution as in the case of liquid meal. It is concluded that gastrin may be merely one of the factors which stimulate acid secretion after ethanol administration, and that gastric acid would have a close relationship with secretin release. It is also probable that acid is not an effecitve stimulant to the release of GIP.intragastric ethanol administration ; gastric acid secretion ; gastrin ; secretin ; GIP Since 1898 (Chittenden et al. ), many investigators have reported the relationship between alcohol intake and gastric acid secretion. However, their results did not always agree. Some persons showed the stimulatory effect of alcohol on gastric acid secretion (Hirschowitz et al. 1956;Woodward et al. 1957;Lenz et al. 1983), others reported the opposite (Cooke 1972;Kuo and Shanbour 1983). Regarding the mechanism by which alcohol affects acid secretion, many factors (such as species differences, route of administration, etc.) have been pointed out by those researchers. Moreover, as remarkable advances in the study of gastrointestinal hormones have been made, some hormones (e.g. gastrin and secretin) have been referred to as substances which mediate the action of alcohol on gastric acid

Ca2+-activated K+ channels involved in duodenal dismotility induced by ethanol

“…Acute, chronic alcohol consumption affects motility, causing mucosal inflammation and cancer of the oesophagus and stomach (Franke et al ., 2005b). Ethanol stimulates both gastric acid and pancreatic exocrine secretion (Cooke, 1972;Imamura et al ., 1985;Tachibana et al ., 1996), however, it inhibits oesophageal contractility in cats (Keshavarzian et al ., 1994), and the motility of rabbit sphincter of Oddi (Sari et al ., 2004). Ethanol also decreases the amplitude and frequency of phasic contractions of canine antral smooth muscle (Sanders and Bauer, 1982), and cat gastric corpus (Sim et al ., 2002).…”

Changes of Duodenal pH and Pancreatic Exocrine Function after Upper G-I Intraluminal Ethanol Administration.

“…The mechanism of these responses after i.g. ethanol infusion, as indicated by Imamura et al (1985), is probably elevation of gastric acid secretion by the infused ethanol. This elevation in turn, increases the duodenal intraluminal acid load, thereby inducing secretin secretion which causes a secondary stimulation of pancreatic juice secretion.…”

Effects of Whisky on Plasma Gastrin and Cholecystokinin in Young Adult Men

“…The results obtained in this study indicated that alcohol is rapidly absorbed after oral intake, with plasma concentrations reaching a peak after about 30 min, with limited individual variation. Biological responses that may affect the pancreas after oral or intragastric administration of alcohol include increased tension in the sphincter of Oddi in the duodenum 9 and increased gastric secretion in the stomach, 10,11 resulting in increased pancreatic exocrine secretion due to the stimulation of secretin caused by the lowering of the duodenal pH. The elevation of secretin and the enhancement of pancreatic secretion that occur approximately 1 h after the administration of alcohol are thought to be due to gastric secretion.…”

“…The elevation of secretin and the enhancement of pancreatic secretion that occur approximately 1 h after the administration of alcohol are thought to be due to gastric secretion. 10,12 However, there is some variation in the effects of alcohol intake on the stomach: beverages such as beer and wine stimulate gastric secretion, whereas distilled spirits such as whisky and vodka do not. 13 -15 Straus et al 16 suggested that the direct effects of alcohol on the duodenum were also important, but this requires clarification.…”