Effects of intraamniotic helium, carbon dioxide, and water on fetal lambs

Reducing the Deleterious Effects of Intrauterine CO2during Fetoscopic Surgery

“…Fetal PaO 2 demonstrated a tendency to increase during CO 2 insufflation which is consistent with studies of This study demonstrates that significant fetal and Pelletier and coworkers [7]. However, fetal PaO 2 fell maternal PaCO 2 and pH changes are related to CO 2 significantly after 30 min of maternal hyperventilation insufflation into the uterus.…”

“…The quantity of CO 2 absorption is sufficient to result in We further speculate that the low oxygen affinity of fetal acidosis. Pelletier and associates [7] have recently fetal hemoglobin in association with acidosis might documented that CO 2 pneumometrium is potentially have influenced the increase in fetal PaO 2 . In a previdetrimental to the fetus; thus, fetal hypercarbic acidoous report by Pickering et al [12], when fetal oxygen sis is a major drawback of fetoscopic surgery.…”

“…lation secondary to changes in maternal and fetal Insufflation of the amniotic cavity with CO 2 creates PaCO 2 [7]. Possible vasodilatation in placental circulaan unphysiologic environment for the fetus.…”

“…Seven fetal lambs of 105 { 2 days (mean nique for the delivery of engineered stem cells and { SEM) gestation (term Å 145 days) were instrumented pharmacologic agents to the fetus [5, 6]. of this approach [7, 8]. We hypothesized that the detrithe same protocol of CO 2 pneumometrium was remental effects of CO 2 pneumometrium on fetal metapeated.…”

Glycine as a Potential Window for Minimal Access Fetal Surgery

“…A fluid medium potentially eradicates these disadvantages, and can be used as long as it is not harmful to the fetus. Ringer's lactate and water have been used as a replacement medium both in the amniotic fluid and in the fetus [21], as has helium [22], but, as expected, the conduction of an electrical current across the amniotic space for both amniotic fluid and lactate was so great that electrocautery on the surface of the fetus and deeper tis sues was impossible. Using glycine, however, enabled sur gery to be performed successfully without any demonstra ble adverse effects from the glycine exposure.…”