Effects of intermediate frequency electromagnetic fields: a review of animal studies

Lee, Hae June; Jin, Hee Kyung; Ahn, Young Hwan; Kim, Nam; Pack, Jeong‐Ki; Choi, Hyung‐Do; Lee, Yun‐Sil

doi:10.1080/09553002.2022.2094016

Cited by 6 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 46 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Most previous experimental studies using cells and animals have suggested that IF-EMFs are harmless. [20][21][22] Comprehensively judging the above, the increased ORs observed in the present study are unlikely to represent an increased risk.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Association Between the Use of Induction Heating Cookers and Delivery Outcomes in Pregnant Women: An Internet-Based Cohort Study

Sato,

Taki,

Kojimahara

2023

Environ�Health�Insights

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The number of devices that generate intermediate-frequency electromagnetic fields (IF-EMFs) in the living environment has been increasing. As the public has vague concerns about new devices, it is necessary to clarify the safety of IF-EMFs. Therefore, the present study aimed to examine the possible health effects of IF-EMFs by clarifying the relationship between the use of induction heating (IH) cookers and delivery outcomes. The study participants were pregnant women over the age of 20 years who were registered in panels with an Internet research firm. A total of 8920 pregnant women participated in the baseline survey. Of those who responded to the follow-up survey, 5022 who had a singleton birth were included in the analysis. We then examined the relationship between the use of IH cookers and gestational week at delivery (<37th/⩾37th week) or birth weight (<2500/⩾2500 g) using logistic regression models. No association was found between the use of IH cookers and birth weight, but weak associations were found between the use of stationary- and tabletop-type IH cookers and gestational week at delivery. After all considerations, we determined that the observed increased odds ratio did not indicate an increased risk of premature birth.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

Association Between the Use of Induction Heating Cookers and Delivery Outcomes in Pregnant Women: An Internet-Based Cohort Study

Sato,

Taki,

Kojimahara

2023

Environ�Health�Insights

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, the intensity of the lesions was higher (maximum score of +++ in six animals) in the EMR group than in the control group (maximum score of ++ in 3 animals) which indicated that EMR exposure has effects on inflammation. The previous studies on the IF EMR up to 7.5 kHz to 150 kHz with different intensities have found no effect on the lung [53]. Radiofrequency exposure showed effects on the lung such as thickening of the alveolar wall and fibrosis and vascular congestion and lymphatic infiltration and inflammatory changes [54,55].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Most studies have reported that IF EMR has no observable adverse effects [53]. Although some studies have reported various biological effects, these studies were not independently replicated and were not dependent on the level of IF EMR exposure, which is a major limitation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effects of Intermediate Frequency (150 kHz) Electromagnetic Radiation on the Vital Organs of Female Sprague Dawley Rats

Sundaram

Mohammed

Cockburn

et al. 2023

Biology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Exposure to electromagnetic radiation (EMR) from intermediate frequency sources has increased exponentially in recent years. The consequences of this exposure on biological systems are prompting scientists to study the effects on human health. This current study aimed to determine the effects of intermediate frequency (150 kHz) EMR exposure on the vital organs of female Sprague Dawley rats. The EMR group (n = 10 animals) was exposed to a frequency of 150 kHz with an intensity of 65 ± 15 μW/cm2 for two months. The control group (n = 10 animals) was exposed to an intensity of 35 ± 15 nW/cm2. Haematological, histochemical, gross, and histopathological profiles of all major organs of all animals were then performed using standard procedures. All major organs generally showed no significant detectable effects in either the control or EMR groups. However, gross and histopathological examinations revealed the effects of EMR on the liver and lungs, which showed inflammatory changes without significant biochemical/haematological manifestations. In addition, a significant increase in serum sodium level and a decrease in serum urea level were also observed in the EMR group. It can be concluded that the current frequency and duration of exposure trigger the changes in the liver and lungs but are not sufficient to cause clinical and functional manifestations. Therefore, a long-term exposure study might be helpful to determine the effects of 150 kHz IF EMR on these organs.

show abstract

Section: Additional Risks Of Space Flight Into Deep Space and Living ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A large number of studies have attempted to better understand the effects of a variety of electromagnetic field intensities over variable periods of time on animals [ 134 , 135 , 136 , 137 , 138 , 139 , 140 ], animal tissues [ 141 ], and cells [ 142 , 143 ]. The recent review by Lee et al [ 140 ] provides an excellent summary of much of the animal literature in this regard. While many of the studies that were cited examined the gene expression profiles in response to various EMF conditions, the genes affected depended in large part on the animal tissues that were examined or the cells that were used in vitro.…”

Section: Additional Risks Of Space Flight Into Deep Space and Living ...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Homo sapiens—A Species Not Designed for Space Flight: Health Risks in Low Earth Orbit and Beyond, Including Potential Risks When Traveling beyond the Geomagnetic Field of Earth

Hart

2023

Life

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Homo sapiens and their predecessors evolved in the context of the boundary conditions of Earth, including a 1 g gravity and a geomagnetic field (GMF). These variables, plus others, led to complex organisms that evolved under a defined set of conditions and define how humans will respond to space flight, a circumstance that could not have been anticipated by evolution. Over the past ~60 years, space flight and living in low Earth orbit (LEO) have revealed that astronauts are impacted to varying degrees by such new environments. In addition, it has been noted that astronauts are quite heterogeneous in their response patterns, indicating that such variation is either silent if one remained on Earth, or the heterogeneity unknowingly contributes to disease development during aging or in response to insults. With the planned mission to deep space, humans will now be exposed to further risks from radiation when traveling beyond the influence of the GMF, as well as other potential risks that are associated with the actual loss of the GMF on the astronauts, their microbiomes, and growing food sources. Experimental studies with model systems have revealed that hypogravity conditions can influence a variety biological and physiological systems, and thus the loss of the GMF may have unanticipated consequences to astronauts’ systems, such as those that are electrical in nature (i.e., the cardiovascular system and central neural systems). As astronauts have been shown to be heterogeneous in their responses to LEO, they may require personalized countermeasures, while others may not be good candidates for deep-space missions if effective countermeasures cannot be developed for long-duration missions. This review will discuss several of the physiological and neural systems that are affected and how the emerging variables may influence astronaut health and functioning.

show abstract

Effects of intermediate frequency electromagnetic fields: a review of animal studies

Cited by 6 publications

References 46 publications

Association Between the Use of Induction Heating Cookers and Delivery Outcomes in Pregnant Women: An Internet-Based Cohort Study

Association Between the Use of Induction Heating Cookers and Delivery Outcomes in Pregnant Women: An Internet-Based Cohort Study

Effects of Intermediate Frequency (150 kHz) Electromagnetic Radiation on the Vital Organs of Female Sprague Dawley Rats

Homo sapiens—A Species Not Designed for Space Flight: Health Risks in Low Earth Orbit and Beyond, Including Potential Risks When Traveling beyond the Geomagnetic Field of Earth

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About