Effects of interferon gamma onChlamydia trachomatis serovar A and L2 protein expression investigated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis

Shaw, Andrew; Christiansen, Gunna; Birkelund, Svend

doi:10.1002/(sici)1522-2683(19990101)20:4/5<775::aid-elps775>3.0.co;2-z

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Of note, Hsp60 contains zero Trp residues. These initial observations were confirmed and extended by Shaw et al (1999), who observed a correlation between IFN-g treatment and decreased…”

Section: Ifn-g-mediated Persistencesupporting

confidence: 56%

“…Of note, Hsp60 contains zero Trp residues. These initial observations were confirmed and extended by Shaw et al. (1999) , who observed a correlation between IFN-γ treatment and decreased levels of MOMP expression in C. trachomatis serovar A, but not C. trachomatis serovar L2 ( Shaw et al., 1999 ).…”

Section: The Chlamydiaceae and The Persistence Phe...mentioning

confidence: 62%

“…AmiA levels of MOMP expression in C. trachomatis serovar A, but not C. trachomatis serovar L2 (Shaw et al, 1999). Using high-resolution two-dimensional immobilized pH gradient polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) in combination with pulse labeling with [ 35 S]methionine, they also observed up-regulation of proteins in C. trachomatis serovars A and L2.…”

Section: Orientia Tsutsugamushimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using high-resolution two-dimensional immobilized pH gradient polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) in combination with pulse labeling with [ 35 S]methionine, they also observed up-regulation of proteins in C. trachomatis serovars A and L2. These included the two putative subunits of the Trp synthase, presumably induced to adapt to the Trp-depleted environment of the host cell ( Shaw et al., 1999 ). In C. pneumoniae , increased levels of proteins involved in stress response, nucleotide and amino acid biosynthesis, DNA replication, transcription, translation, glycolysis, type III secretion, and cell envelope were observed during IFN-γ-mediated persistence ( Molestina et al., 2002 ; Mukhopadhyay et al., 2006 ).…”

Section: The Chlamydiaceae and The Persistence Phe...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During IFN-γ-mediated persistence of C. trachomatis serovar D, Ostergaard and colleagues demonstrated that the proteomes of RBs and aRBs were broadly similar, with the exception of the two subunits of the Trp synthase TrpA and TrpB that were present at very high levels in aRBs ( Ostergaard et al., 2016 ). This suggests an attempt by C. trachomatis to synthesize Trp from indole, the substrate of the Trp synthase ( Shaw et al., 1999 ; Wood et al., 2003 ). Interestingly, it has been proposed that C. trachomatis genital serovars can scavenge indole from the normal flora to resist IFN-γ-mediated Trp limitation (discussed further below).…”

Section: The Chlamydiaceae and The Persistence Phe...mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Persistence of obligate intracellular pathogens: alternative strategies to overcome host-specific stresses

Riffaud

Rucks

Ouellette

2023

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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In adapting to the intracellular niche, obligate intracellular bacteria usually undergo a reduction of genome size by eliminating genes not needed for intracellular survival. These losses can include, for example, genes involved in nutrient anabolic pathways or in stress response. Living inside a host cell offers a stable environment where intracellular bacteria can limit their exposure to extracellular effectors of the immune system and modulate or outright inhibit intracellular defense mechanisms. However, highlighting an area of vulnerability, these pathogens are dependent on the host cell for nutrients and are very sensitive to conditions that limit nutrient availability. Persistence is a common response shared by evolutionarily divergent bacteria to survive adverse conditions like nutrient deprivation. Development of persistence usually compromises successful antibiotic therapy of bacterial infections and is associated with chronic infections and long-term sequelae for the patients. During persistence, obligate intracellular pathogens are viable but not growing inside their host cell. They can survive for a long period of time such that, when the inducing stress is removed, reactivation of their growth cycles resumes. Given their reduced coding capacity, intracellular bacteria have adapted different response mechanisms. This review gives an overview of the strategies used by the obligate intracellular bacteria, where known, which, unlike model organisms such as E. coli, often lack toxin-antitoxin systems and the stringent response that have been linked to a persister phenotype and amino acid starvation states, respectively.

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“…Of note, Hsp60 contains zero Trp residues. These initial observations were confirmed and extended by Shaw et al (1999), who observed a correlation between IFN-g treatment and decreased…”

Section: Ifn-g-mediated Persistencesupporting

confidence: 56%

Section: The Chlamydiaceae and The Persistence Phe...mentioning

confidence: 62%

Section: Orientia Tsutsugamushimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Chlamydiaceae and The Persistence Phe...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Chlamydiaceae and The Persistence Phe...mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Persistence of obligate intracellular pathogens: alternative strategies to overcome host-specific stresses

Riffaud

Rucks

Ouellette

2023

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Identification of Chlamydia trachomatis antigens recognized by human CD4+ T lymphocytes by screening an expression library

et al. 2001

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Genome and proteome analysis of Chlamydia

2004

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It has been difficult to study the molecular biology of the obligate intracellular bacterium Chlamydia due to lack of genetic transformation systems. Therefore, genome sequencing has greatly expanded the information concerning the biology of these pathogens. Comparing the genomes of seven sequenced Chlamydia genomes has provided information of the common gene content and gene variation. In addition, the genome sequences have enabled global investigation of both transcript and protein content during the developmental cycle of chlamydiae. During this cycle Chlamydia alternates between an infectious extracellular form and an intracellular dividing form surrounded by a phagosome membrane termed the chlamydial inclusion. Proteins secreted from the chlamydial inclusion into the host cell may interact with host cell proteins and modify the host cell's response to infection. However, identification of such proteins has been difficult because the host cell cytoplasm of Chlamydia infected cells cannot be purified. This problem has been circumvented by comparative proteomics.

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Effects of interferon gamma onChlamydia trachomatis serovar A and L2 protein expression investigated by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis

Cited by 15 publications

References 21 publications

Persistence of obligate intracellular pathogens: alternative strategies to overcome host-specific stresses

Persistence of obligate intracellular pathogens: alternative strategies to overcome host-specific stresses

Identification of Chlamydia trachomatis antigens recognized by human CD4+ T lymphocytes by screening an expression library

Genome and proteome analysis of Chlamydia

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