Effects of interfacial variables on ceramic adherence to cast and machined commercially pure titanium

Effect of composition, viscosity and thickness of the opaquer on the adhesion of resin composite to titanium

“…Future studies are needed whether the adhesion obtained from the ceramic exceeds that of the metal or contributes to further adhesion. In order to be able to compare the results with those of other studies and also due to low adhesion of veneering ceramics reported on titanium [21], in this study Ti cp was used as a framework material. Other alloys may result in different outcomes.…”

Adherence of Porcelain Veneered on Titanium with an Intermediate Plasma-Sprayed Zirconia Layer

“…To further investigate the fracture behavior, the location of AD failure of delaminated porcelain side and corresponding Ti side for PT and PZT were analyzed by thin-film X-ray diffractometry with CuK radiation, operated at 40 kV, 100 mA, and a fixed angle of 0. 5 , with a scan speed of 1 / min (Rigaku Rint 2000) to determine the phase ingredients. However, as will be shown in the experimental result, the AD failure of PZT specimen at Ti side is not only very small but also located in a basin of fractured surface with the surrounding higher terrace of cohesive failure of porcelain.…”

“…[1][2][3] To alleviate the embrittled interface, Wang et al 4) deposited a Cr single layer and Cr/Cr oxide bi-layer coatings by the technique of physical vapor deposition, and the coatings served as an oxygen diffusion barrier on the Ti substrate prior to veneering of porcelain. Similarly, Sadeq et al 5) applied a thin gold coating on the surface of Ti to limit the Ti oxidation during firing cycles. It can be concluded that those processes apparently reduces the tendency of the formation of metal oxides, however the reactivity of the metals still remains a concern.…”

Shear bond strengths of veneering porcelain to cast, machined and laser-sintered titanium

“…Diffusion of free oxygen atoms into titanium formed a hard surface layer (-case layer) on the cast surface 10) . The formed -case layer is then responsible for reduced mechanical properties in terms of ductility, fatigue resistance 11) , and bond strength to veneering porcelains 5) .…”

“…Apart from the formation of a thick oxide layer on the titanium surface which causes bond strength to decrease, another factor that compromises bonding durability lies in the mismatch of coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) between titanium and porcelain 18) . Titanium has a lower CTE (8.4×10 −6 /°C) than metal alloys (13−16×10 −6 /°C), and this CTE mismatch causes bonding failures in titanium-porcelain systems 11) .…”