Effects of intentional weight cycling on non-obese young women

Kajioka, Taeko; Tsuzuku, Shigeki; Shimokata, Hiroshi; Sato, Yuzo

doi:10.1053/meta.2002.29976

Cited by 43 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Consistent with other studies, we found no interaction between WF and weight change on the risk for MS or each MS component. 10,[31][32][33] There are a number of previous studies that have investigated the relationships between WF and each individual component of the MS. 10,[31][32][33][34][35][36][37] In our study, we found that WF had an increased risk for BP, HDL-c and WC. ORs for the fasting blood glucose and TG components followed the same trend and we assume that their nonsignificant results were related to insufficient statistical power (the number of cases was smaller than those for other components).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

“…WF was also associated with an increased body fat mass, BP and TG level in nonobese young women in an intervention study testing the effect of the succession of intentional weight cycling during a 6 months follow-up period. 35 However, other studies did not support the hypothesis that WF have deleterious effect on these CVD risk factors. 10,[31][32][33]37 These contradictions could be attributed to the different methods used for estimating WF.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Weight fluctuations and risk for metabolic syndrome in an adult cohort

Vergnaud

Bertrais

et al. 2007

Int J Obes

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Objective: Weight gain is a risk factor for metabolic syndrome (MS). However, it is not known whether weight fluctuations (WF) have a deleterious effect upon MS risk. In the present study, we investigated this association in subjects participating in the SU.VI.MAX cohort. Methods: MS status was assessed at baseline (1994/1995) and at the end of follow-up (2001/2002) using the National Cholesterol Education Program-Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. WF were estimated with four weight measures during followup. Odds ratio (OR, 95% confidence interval (CI)) for incident MS cases was evaluated according to four WF groups (no WF and tertiles of WF) in 3553 middle-aged subjects. Results: The OR (95% CI) for MS was 2.06 (1.20-3.52) for the third WF tertile compared to the first tertile. This association was independent of confounding variables, especially relative weight change during follow-up. Subjects without WF had a 2.72-fold increase (1.64-4.53) for MS risk compared to the first tertile of WF. For MS components taken separately, similar associations were found for raised blood pressure, low high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol and increased waist circumference. Conclusion: Our results showed that WF was an independent risk factor for MS after 7 years of follow-up. Moreover, subjects without WF were also at risk for MS, due to the highest weight gain during follow-up. These results support the benefits of weight stability and emphasize the importance of weight gain prevention starting from early adulthood.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 51%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Weight fluctuations and risk for metabolic syndrome in an adult cohort

Vergnaud

Bertrais

et al. 2007

Int J Obes

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“…13 A small experiment on five normal-weight female subjects showed that two consecutive weight cycles of 4 kg lead to significant decreases in lean body mass, serum tri-iodothyronine and thyroxine concentrations, and in resting energy expenditure. 30 Similarly, in the re-analyses of the Minnesota Starvation Study of normal-weight subjects, post-starvation overshoot in body fat and delayed protein repletion was considered to result from the suppression of thermogenesis specifically favouring the replenishment of the fat stores. 31 However, in obese subjects, one 32 or three 33 consecutive cycles of dieting have not been observed to affect resting energy expenditure or body composition.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does dieting make you fat? A twin study

et al. 2011

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Objective: To investigate whether the paradoxical weight gain associated with dieting is better related to genetic propensity to weight gain than to the weight loss episodes themselves. Subjects: Subjects included 4129 individual twins from the population-based FinnTwin16 study (90% of twins born in Finland 1975(90% of twins born in Finland -1979. Weight and height were obtained from longitudinal surveys at 16, 17, 18 and 25 years, and number of lifetime intentional weight loss (IWL) episodes of more than 5 kg at 25 years. Results: IWLs predicted accelerated weight gain and risk of overweight. The odds of becoming overweight (body mass index (BMI)X25 kg m À2 ) by 25 years were significantly greater in subjects with one (OR 1.8, 95% CI 1.3-2.6, and OR 2.7, 1.7-4.3 in males and females, respectively), or two or more (OR 2.0, 1.3-3.3, and OR 5.2, 3.2-8.6, in males and females, respectively), IWLs compared with subjects with no IWL. In MZ pairs discordant for IWL, co-twins with at least one IWL were 0.4 kg m À2 (P ¼ 0.041) heavier at 25 years than their non-dieting co-twins (no differences in baseline BMIs). In DZ pairs, co-twins with IWLs gained progressively more weight than non-dieting co-twins (BMI difference 1.7 kg m À2 at 16 years and 2.2 kg m À2 at 25 years, Po0.001). Conclusion: Our results suggest that frequent IWLs reflect susceptibility to weight gain, rendering dieters prone to future weight gain. The results from the MZ pairs discordant for IWLs suggest that dieting itself may induce a small subsequent weight gain, independent of genetic factors.

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“…Studies on Weight cycling of atheletes SE Saarni et al smaller samples and intervention studies have contradictory results about the effect of weight cycling on CVD mortality and morbidity. [12][13][14] Weight cycling has also been attributed to greater weight gain and binge eating, [15][16][17][18][19] psychological stress and lower general well-being 20 and unhealthier body fat distribution. 15,21 However, Prentice et al 22 did not find any detrimental effects of weight cycling on body composition in a large African population-based study nor in an experimental prospective study of moderately obese women.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Weight cycling of athletes and subsequent weight gain in middleage

et al. 2006

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Objective: To study the effects of repeated cycles of weight loss and regain as young adults on long-term weight development. Design: A follow-up study with questionnaires in 1985, 1995 and 2001. Setting: Finland. Subjects: A national cohort of 1838 male elite athletes who had represented Finland in major international sport competitions in 1920-1965, including 370 men engaged in sports in which weight-related performance classes are associated with weight cycling (boxers, weight lifters and wrestlers; further called as weight cyclers), and 834 matched control men with no athletic background. Outcome measure: Weight change since the age of 20 years, body mass index (BMI) and prevalence of obesity and overweight. Results: The weight cyclers gained 5.2 BMI units from age 20 years to their maximum mean weight, which was at age 58.7 years. Corresponding figures for the controls were 4.2 BMI units at 58.5 years and for other athletes 3.3 BMI units at age 62.5 years. The proportion of obese (BMIX30 kg/m 2 ) subjects was greatest among the weight cyclers both in 1985 and 1995. In 2001, the weight cyclers were more often obese than other athletes, but did not differ from the controls. The odds ratio for the weight cyclers to be obese compared to other athletes in 1985 was 3.18 (95% confidence intervals 2.09-4.83), and compared to the controls 2.0 (1.35-2.96). The enhanced weight gain of the weight cyclers was not accounted for by present health habits (smoking, alcohol use, use of high-fat milk or physical activity) or weight at age 20 years. Conclusions: Repeated cycles of weight loss and regain appear to enhance subsequent weight gain and may predispose to obesity. Chronic dieting with weight cycling may be harmful for permanent weight control.

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Effects of intentional weight cycling on non-obese young women

Cited by 43 publications

References 26 publications

Weight fluctuations and risk for metabolic syndrome in an adult cohort

Weight fluctuations and risk for metabolic syndrome in an adult cohort

Does dieting make you fat? A twin study

Weight cycling of athletes and subsequent weight gain in middleage

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