Effects of intense exercise on biochemical and histological changes in rat liver and pancreas

Abstract

Background: Exercise has various effects on hepatic and pancreatic function. There is little information available for effects of exercise on histopathological changes in the liver and pancreas. Objective: Investigate the effect of intensive exercise on blood biochemical changes and histopathology in rat liver and pancreas. Materials and methods: Male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups: 1 (normal control): no exercise, 2 (exercise 75% VO2max): running on treadmill at 75% VO2max and sacrificed immediately after exercise, 3 (exercise 75% VO2max+6 hours): running on treadmill at 75% VO2max and sacrificed at six hours after exercise, 4 (exercise 90% VO2max): running on treadmill at 90% VO2max and immediately sacrificed after exercise, 5 (exercise 90% VO2max+6 hours): running on treadmill at 90% VO2max and sacrificed at six hours after exercise. Samples of blood, liver and pancreas were collected at the end of each experiment. Results: The levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) increased significantly in group 2 and 4, compared with normal control. Serum total bilirubin (TB) and enzyme lipase increased significantly in group 4 compared with normal control. In all group of exercise, liver histopathology showed hepatocyte edema and necroinflammation, and pancreas showed congestion and edema. Conclusion: High-intensity exercise at 75% and 90% VO2max caused an increase of biochemical parametes in liver and pancreas. The levels of exercise also caused histopathology changes in the liver and pancreas.

Influence of excessive exercise on immunity, metabolism, and gut microbial diversity in an overtraining mice model

“…During high-intensity exercise, the reduction of blood flow in the liver often causes hypoxia of hepatocytes and eventually induces liver damage. 5 Our present results showed that mild edema appeared in portal vein and vacuole degeneration was found in hepatic cells following 4 weeks exhausted swimming.…”

“…However, uncontrolled excessive exercise may cause many adverse effects. Recent reports have indicated that extreme exercise may induce musculoskeletal injuries, cardiac arrhythmias, and biochemical and histological changes in the liver and pancreas of rats …”

“…Recent reports have indicated that extreme exercise may induce musculoskeletal injuries, 3 cardiac arrhythmias, 4 and biochemical and histological changes in the liver and pancreas of rats. 5 Among adolescents, exercise for the purpose of weight loss is rising, which is influenced by increased sociocultural pressures on appearance, as slenderness and muscular V-shaped body are considered the ideal physique. 6 While exercise together with dieting is one of the most common ways to modify body size and shape, 7 researchers have suggested that excessive exercise could be an important risk factor for developing eating disorders.…”

Potential Adverse Cardiovascular Effects From Excessive Endurance Exercise

“…Many previous animal studies have also found acute, adverse cardiac effects of prolonged (up to 6 hours) endurance exercise, sometimes employing a rat model of coldwater swimming in which the animals were forced to swim to avoid drowning. 25 These studies are of uncertain clinical relevance because of the excessively stressful nature of the imposed exercise.…”

Pattern of some Liver Enzymes and Cardiovascular Changes during a Trademill Exercise

“…14 It has been reported that physical exercise increases the blood flow in working skeletal muscles, while it decreases blood supply to the liver 15 and portal vein. 16 This causes damage to the liver with a resultant increase in the leakage of these liver enzymes into the blood stream. Praphatsorn et al, has shown that high intensity exercise caused changes in liver function and in the number of damaged hepatic parenchymal cells in rats.…”