Effects of insulin, glucose, and amino acids on protein turnover in rat diaphragm.

Fulks, Richard M.; Li, Jeanne B.; Goldberg, Alfred L.

doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(19)42013-9

Cited by 844 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…In addition, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy studies on unanesthetized fed WT and KLF15 −/− mice (4-month-old males, n = 6-8 per group) showed a significant increase in lean mass in KLF15 −/− mice compared to WT controls (KLF15 −/− = 27.11 ± 0.29 g, WT = 23.52 ± 0.70 g; p < 0.0002). This is also consistent with decreased amino acid breakdown in KLF15 −/− mice, as plasma amino acids are known to both promote the synthesis and inhibit the degradation of muscle protein (Fulks et al, 1975). KLF15 −/− mice show a reciprocal decrease in fat mass compared to WT controls (KLF15 −/− = 5.22 ± 0.27 g, WT = 7.70 ± 1.21 g; p < 0.04), resulting in similar body weight in these mice.…”

Section: Amino Acid Catabolismsupporting

confidence: 80%

Regulation of Gluconeogenesis by Krüppel-like Factor 15

et al. 2007

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In the postabsorptive state, certain tissues, including the brain, require glucose as the sole source of energy. After an overnight fast, hepatic glycogen stores are depleted, and gluconeogenesis becomes essential for preventing life-threatening hypoglycemia. Mice with a targeted deletion of KLF15, a member of the Krüppel-like family of transcription factors, display severe hypoglycemia after an overnight (18 hr) fast. We provide evidence that defective amino acid catabolism promotes the development of fasting hypoglycemia in KLF15-/- mice by limiting gluconeogenic substrate availability. KLF15-/- liver and skeletal muscle show markedly reduced mRNA expression of amino acid-degrading enzymes. Furthermore, the enzymatic activity of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), which converts the critical gluconeogenic amino acid alanine into pyruvate, is decreased (approximately 50%) in KLF15-/- hepatocytes. Consistent with this observation, intraperitoneal injection of pyruvate, but not alanine, rescues fasting hypoglycemia in KLF15-/- mice. We conclude that KLF15 plays an important role in the regulation of gluconeogenesis.

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Section: Amino Acid Catabolismsupporting

confidence: 80%

Regulation of Gluconeogenesis by Krüppel-like Factor 15

et al. 2007

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“…Therapy with BCAA increases the pool of valine and leucine, and decreases that of phenylalanine, Tyr, and tryptophan (11). The decrease in the plasma levels of AAA is considered to be caused by an increase in the rate of protein synthesis in peripheral tissues (12). However, in the present study, the plasma levels of Tyr, an aromatic amino acid, markedly decreased during the administration BCAA-rich preparation.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 55%

Evaluating response to nutritional therapy using the branched-chain amino acid/tyrosine ratio in patients with chronic liver disease

Kawamura-Yasui

Kaito

Nakagawa

et al. 1999

J. Clin. Lab. Anal.

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The branched-chain amino acid (BCAA)/ tyrosine (Tyr) ratio (BTR) recently has been reported to be a good indicator of the severity of hepatic parenchymal injury in patients with chronic liver disease. In the present study, sequential changes of BTR after BCAA administration were determined in patients with chronic liver disease to evaluate the value of BTR as a marker of the clinical response to nutritional therapy in these patients. This study comprised 75 patients with chronic hepatitis and 96 with liver cirrhosis. BTR was significantly decreased in patients with cirrhosis and hepatitis compared with healthy subjects. BTR was significantly correlated with the Child-Pugh score and with other liver function tests. BCAA increased significantly 2 hr after BCAA administration and decreased gradually thereafter. Tyr significantly decreased 4 hr after BCAA administration. BTR significantly increased 2 and 4 hr after BCAA therapy. The increase in BTR 3 hr after BCAA administration was low in patients with decreased basal BTR. The results of this study showed that BTR is a good index of the hepatic parenchymal damage and that it may be a useful marker for monitoring response to nutritional therapy in patients with chronic liver disease.

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“…The increased protein accretion could be the result of either increased protein synthesis or decreased protein degradation or both. Leucine and a-ketoisocaproic acid have been shown in vitro to increase protein synthesis in rat muscle (Fulks et al 1975;Li & Jefferson, 1978) and also appear to reduce muscle protein degradation (Goldberg & Tischler, 1981). Although there is in vitro evidence that leucine alters protein synthesis, the in vivo effect, with amino-acid-adequate diets, is questionable (McNurlan et al 1982(McNurlan et al , 1983.…”

Section: Methionine-deficient Dietsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions among the branched-chain amino acids and their effects on methionine utilization in growing pigs: effects on nitrogen retention and amino acid utilization

Langer¹,

Fuller²

2000

Br J Nutr

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An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) interactions on their utilization by growing pigs and the effects of excessive amounts of BCAA (leucine, isoleucine, valine) on the utilization of methionine. A semipurified diet containing 100 g crude protein/kg with a balanced amino acid pattern was prepared using casein supplemented with free amino acids. Three further diets were made by reducing the concentration of methionine + cyst(e)ine, valine or isoleucine by 20 %. Each of these four diets was then supplemented with leucine (50 % excess) or a mixture of BCAA (50 % excess of each but excluding the limiting amino acid). All diets were isoenergetic and were made isonitrogenous by replacement of glutamic and aspartic acids. The twelve diets were given to twenty-four growing pigs (30–40 kg) in three periods according to a randomized block design. Each period lasted 8 d and N retention was measured during the last 5 d of each period. Reducing dietary methionine, valine or isoleucine reduced the utilization of N (N retained/N digested) by approximately 20 % (P < 0·05). Adding leucine to the isoleucine-limiting diet decreased the utilization of N by 9 % (P < 0·05). This was reversed by simultaneous addition of valine. Excess leucine in a valine-deficient diet did not significantly reduce N utilization. In methionine-limiting diets an excess of either leucine alone or of all three BCAA increased the utilization of N by 8 % (P < 0·05).

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Effects of insulin, glucose, and amino acids on protein turnover in rat diaphragm.

Cited by 844 publications

References 30 publications

Regulation of Gluconeogenesis by Krüppel-like Factor 15

Regulation of Gluconeogenesis by Krüppel-like Factor 15

Evaluating response to nutritional therapy using the branched-chain amino acid/tyrosine ratio in patients with chronic liver disease

Interactions among the branched-chain amino acids and their effects on methionine utilization in growing pigs: effects on nitrogen retention and amino acid utilization

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