Effects of inspiratory muscle training in professional women football players: a randomized sham-controlled trial

Abstract

This study was conducted to determine the effects of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) on respiratory and peripheral muscles oxygenation during a maximal exercise tolerance test and on repeated-sprint ability (RSA) performance in professional women football players. Eighteen athletes were randomly assigned to one of the following groups: SHAM (n = 8) or IMT (n = 10). After a maximal incremental exercise test, all participants performed (on a different day) a time-to-exhaustion (Tlim) test. Peripheral and respiratory muscles oxygenation by near-infrared spectroscopy, breath-by-breath ventilatory and metabolic variables, and blood lactate concentration were measured. The RSA test was performed on a grass field. After a 6 week intervention, all athletes were reevaluated. Both groups showed increases in inspiratory muscles strength, exercise tolerance and RSA performance, however only the IMT group presented lower deoxyhemoglobin and total hemoglobin blood concentrations on intercostal muscles concomitantly to an increased oxyhemoglobin and total hemoglobin blood concentrations on vastus lateralis muscle during Tlim. In conclusion, these results may indicate the potential role of IMT to attenuate inspiratory muscles metaboreflex and consequently improve oxygen and blood supply to limb muscles during high-intensity exercise, with a potential impact on inspiratory muscle strength, exercise tolerance and sprints performance in professional women football players.

Efecto del entrenamiento de la musculatura inspiratoria con válvula umbral sobre la capacidad funcional en mujeres físicamente activas mayores de 60 años

“…El primer mecanismo ocurre por la vinculación del lactato con la fatiga, debido a que existen estudios como el de Archiza, et al, (16) , sus resultados muestran que con el EMI se mejora el suministro de oxígeno y sanguíneo en la musculatura locomotora, retrasando la aparición de la fatiga. Lo anterior es enfatizado por Rodríguez, et al, quien presenta resultados similares en 20 mujeres AM, evidenciando una mejor capacidad aeróbica y retrasando la aparición de la fatiga (17) .…”

The Effect of Respiratory Muscle Training on the Pulmonary Function, Lung Ventilation, and Endurance Performance of Young Soccer Players

“…Some research in the literature has assessed the effects of IMT in soccer players [24][25][26][27], demonstrating that the inclusion of such training in the primary soccer training process can improve inspiratory muscle strength (PI max ), expiratory muscle strength (PE max ), and exercise tolerance, and also reduce blood lactate (BLa) levels after a cycle of exercises [26]. Research conducted by Archiza et al [28] on a group of 18 female soccer players indicated that IMT could relieve the metabolism of inspiratory muscles and, as a consequence, improve muscle oxygen supply during high-intensity exercise. This process can be translated into an improvement in fatigue tolerance and running efficiency of soccer players [28].…”

“…Research conducted by Archiza et al [28] on a group of 18 female soccer players indicated that IMT could relieve the metabolism of inspiratory muscles and, as a consequence, improve muscle oxygen supply during high-intensity exercise. This process can be translated into an improvement in fatigue tolerance and running efficiency of soccer players [28]. Consistent with this, Ozmen et al [27] evaluated the effect of five weeks of IMT on the respiratory system function and aerobic endurance of soccer players, finding a significant improvement in respiratory muscle strength for the tested respiratory parameters.…”

Effects Of Home-Based Inspiratory Muscle Training In Sickle Cell Disease (Scd) Patients

“…Especially in the respiratory muscles, IMT improves clearance ability and tolerance to the levels of lactate and hydrogen ions (38,39). Therefore, strengthening of inspiratory muscles probably attenuated the metaboreflex of inspiratory muscles, which increased blood flow and oxygenation of limb muscles, reducing premature fatigue during exercise in hypoxia (16,40,41). Nevertheless, these the results must be viewed with caution, since direct metaboreflex measurements were not performed in the present study.…”