Effects of inorganic and organic nitrogen and phosphorus on the growth and toxicity of two Alexandrium species from Hong Kong

Xu, Jie; Ho, Alvin Yam Tat; He, Lei; Yin, Kedong; Hung, Craig L.H.; Choi, Nicola; Lam, Paul K.S.; Wu, Renren; Anderson, Donald M.; Harrison, Paul J.

doi:10.1016/j.hal.2012.02.006

Cited by 42 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Interestingly, the toxin profile of strain Kci is highly similar to A. tamarense cells isolated from Hong Kong waters reported previously (Xu et al, 2012). The Hong Kong strains also predominately produce C-toxins with only trace amount of dc-GTX2,3, and the toxin composition remained constant for all of the growing conditions that were tested (Xu et al, 2012).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 74%

“…The Hong Kong strains also predominately produce C-toxins with only trace amount of dc-GTX2,3, and the toxin composition remained constant for all of the growing conditions that were tested (Xu et al, 2012). Several studies have suggested that the toxin profiles are conservative characteristic of various strains and could be used as specific marker for species identification (Anderson et al, 1994;Boyer et al, 1987;Flynn et al, 1994).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Many studies have been carried out to investigate the effects of the N to P supply ratios on the growth rate, cell density, cell size, and/or toxin composition/ production in Alexandrium spp., e.g. (Frangopulos et al, 2004;Hwang and Lu, 2000;Leong and Taguchi, 2004;Lim et al, 2010;Touzet et al, 2007;Wang and Hsieh, 2002;Xu et al, 2012). In general, the cellular toxicity of Alexandrium spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Effects of different nitrate and phosphate concentrations on the growth and toxin production of an Alexandrium tamarense strain collected from Drake Passage

Lee

Kwok

et al. 2012

Marine Environmental Research

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 74%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of different nitrate and phosphate concentrations on the growth and toxin production of an Alexandrium tamarense strain collected from Drake Passage

Lee

Kwok

et al. 2012

Marine Environmental Research

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“…At present, most studies focused on the effects of inorganic and organic nitrogen on microcystin algae growth and toxin production (Davis et al, 2010;Donald et al, 2011;Xu et al, 2012;Yuan et al, 2012). However, the inner mechanism and the relationship between urea and the structure of microcystin are unclear.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of urea on growth and microcystins production of Microcystis aeruginosa

Yan

Wang

et al. 2015

Bioresource Technology

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“…Whereas temperatures that are conducive to maximizing HAB growth create the potential for blooms, actual bloom occurrence depends upon additional chemical, physical, and biological factors (3,58). For example, blooms of Alexandrium have been shown to be promoted by nutrients (61,62) and, in some near-shore regions of North America, blooms of A. fundyense and D. acuminata have been specifically shown to be promoted by both high temperatures and excessive nitrogen loading (7,63). This has implications for modeling studies estimating changes in algal growth in future climates, as temperature alone will play a central role in determining bloom potential but may be insufficient to fully predict changes in intensity, duration, or location of HABs.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ocean warming since 1982 has expanded the niche of toxic algal blooms in the North Atlantic and North Pacific oceans

Gobler

Doherty

Hattenrath-Lehmann

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

381

225

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Global ocean temperatures are rising, yet the impacts of such changes on harmful algal blooms (HABs) are not fully understood. Here we used high-resolution sea-surface temperature records (1982 to 2016) and temperature-dependent growth rates of two algae that produce potent biotoxins, Alexandrium fundyense and Dinophysis acuminata, to evaluate recent changes in these HABs. For both species, potential mean annual growth rates and duration of bloom seasons significantly increased within many coastal Atlantic regions between 40°N and 60°N, where incidents of these HABs have emerged and expanded in recent decades. Widespread trends were less evident across the North Pacific, although regions were identified across the Salish Sea and along the Alaskan coastline where blooms have recently emerged, and there have been significant increases in the potential growth rates and duration of these HAB events. We conclude that increasing ocean temperature is an important factor facilitating the intensification of these, and likely other, HABs and thus contributes to an expanding human health threat.Alexandrium | Dinophysis | climate change | sea-surface temperature | bloom duration H armful algal blooms (HABs) negatively affect aquatic ecosystems, fisheries, tourism, and human health. HABs such as Alexandrium fundyense and Dinophysis acuminata are particularly concerning, as they produce saxitoxin and okadaic acid, respectively, toxins that can cause the human health syndromes paralytic and diarrhetic shellfish poisoning (PSP and DSP, respectively). The global range, regional intensity, and frequency of HABs have increased in recent decades (1, 2). This phenomenon is, in part, related to increasing awareness and improved monitoring of HABs (2) and, in some cases, the intensification of anthropogenic nutrient loading in coastal zones (3). Although there have been multiple predictions regarding the response of HABs to future climate change (2, 4), the ability to conclusively relate changes in HAB phenology and distribution to rising ocean temperatures has been a challenge.Globally, the geographic ranges of phytoplankton are frequently controlled by sea-surface temperatures [SSTs (2, 5)], and the realized niches of HABs are often defined by a narrow range of temperatures (2, 5-8). As global oceans warm (9, 10) and the distribution of ocean temperatures changes (11,12), it is expected that the distribution and range of phytoplankton and HABs will also shift (2, 4). Observations and modeling studies have shown that climate change-driven warming of ocean water is unevenly distributed (12), particularly along coastlines (11, 13). Consequently, temperature-driven changes in HAB distributions are likely to vary along coastlines and among ocean basins. Presently, the extent to which changes in HAB occurrence and intensity are related to changing ocean temperatures is unresolved.To assess the relationship between HABs and global temperature change, some recent studies have used physical and biogeochemical output from global circulation ...

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Effects of inorganic and organic nitrogen and phosphorus on the growth and toxicity of two Alexandrium species from Hong Kong

Cited by 42 publications

References 35 publications

Effects of different nitrate and phosphate concentrations on the growth and toxin production of an Alexandrium tamarense strain collected from Drake Passage

Effects of different nitrate and phosphate concentrations on the growth and toxin production of an Alexandrium tamarense strain collected from Drake Passage

Effect of urea on growth and microcystins production of Microcystis aeruginosa

Ocean warming since 1982 has expanded the niche of toxic algal blooms in the North Atlantic and North Pacific oceans

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