Effects of inoculum route and dose on the immune response of common carp, Cyprinus carpio to the blood parasite, Trypanoplasma borreli

Jones, Simon R. M.; Palmen, Mary; Muiswinkel, W.B. van

doi:10.1016/0165-2427(93)90032-y

Cited by 36 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…2000 Medium control 7 PHA 3 pg/ml pCo.ol PHA 3 pg/ml and an increase in numbers of granulocytes and most likely granuloblasts (Lom 1979, Steinhagen et al 1990, Jones et al 1993. By analysing peripheral blood leukocyte populations by means of flow cytometry, we were able to confirm the granulocytosis in the blood of carp with a clinical 7: borreli infection.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

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Flow cytometric analysis of proliferative responses of carp Cyprinus carpio peripheral blood leukocytes to mitogens and to the hemoflagellate Trypanoplasma borreli

Scharsack¹,

Steinhagen²,

Körting³

et al. 2000

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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The activation of carp peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) was analysed radiometrically and by means of flow cytometry (FCM) in order to compare the results obtained with both methods. The qualitative and quantitative FCM analyses of cellular morphology and viability resulted in a further characterisation of proliferative responses of carp PBL to Trypanoplasma borreli in vivo and in vitro. The lymphocyte population of PBL from T borreli-infected carp exhibited a marked shift in forward scattered light (FSC; cell size). When PBL from healthy carp were stimulated with mitogens in vitro, a lymphoid population with increased FSC profiles was also observed. The number of these cells coincided to ratios of 3H-thymidine incorporation, recorded from corresponding cultures. Thus, it was concluded that the increase in size of stimulated lymphocytes could be due to blastogenic transformation. The advantage of the FCM procedure is that activation and proliferation of carp lymphocytes can be monitored without labelling the cells. Cocultures of mitogen-stimulated carp PBL and T borreli revealed the ability of the parasite to suppress lymphocyte proliferation in vitro.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 52%

“…During the following weeks the flagellate numbers increase and peak at about 3 to 4 wk PI. This phase of parasitemia is followed by a chronic phase with fluctuating numbers of parasites (Steinhagen et al 1989, Jones et al 1993.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Flow cytometric analysis of proliferative responses of carp Cyprinus carpio peripheral blood leukocytes to mitogens and to the hemoflagellate Trypanoplasma borreli

Scharsack¹,

Steinhagen²,

Körting³

et al. 2000

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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“…Although i.p. injection, in contrast to intramuscular injection, may not be considered a natural route of infection for trypanosomes, it is frequently used to establish experimental infections (Jones et al 1993). Also, i.p.…”

Section: Effect Of Parasite Injection On Leukocyte Redistributionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the parasites are evolutionarily distant, mixed infections with T. borreli and T. carassii are widespread in farmed populations of cyprinids (Lom & Dykova 1992). Whilst in aquaculture, as in nature, blood-sucking leeches act as vectors for transmitting 'tryps' between fishes, laboratory infections are usually achieved by syringe-passage, allowing for careful experimentation on fishes (Jones et al 1993). In these experimental infections, when carp are injected intraperitoneally (i.p.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Minor effect of depletion of resident macrophages from peritoneal cavity on resistance of common carp Cyprinus carpio to blood flagellates

et al. 2003

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Carp Cyprinus carpio macrophages were depleted by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of clodronate-liposomes for the in vivo study of the effect of macrophage depletion on the resistance of carp to infection with blood flagellate parasites. Clodronate released inside the cell induces apoptosis of (murine) macrophages. Following i.p. injection of carp with liposomes alone, but not with Trypanoplasma borreli, neutrophilic granulocytes rapidly migrated from the head kidney to the peritoneal cavity. The majority of liposomes in the peritoneal cavity were not taken up by newly arrived neutrophilic granulocytes, however, but by resident macrophages. After 2 i.p. injections of clodronate-liposomes, the percentage of macrophages present in the peritoneal cavity was significantly reduced, as evaluated by flow cytometry. Macrophage-depleted carp that were infected i.p. with T. borreli suffered from high mortality. However, these fish did not show lethal parasitaemia but did show clear bacteraemia. Macrophage-depleted carp that were infected i.p. with Trypanosoma carassii showed a minor increase in parasitaemia. In addition, macrophage-depleted carp, immune to T. borreli as a result of having survived a prior infection, remained immune to i.p. reinfection with T. borreli. Succesful depletion of peritoneal macrophages seemed to have a minor effect on the resistance of carp against blood flagellates. However, carp macrophages are essential as a first line of defence against (bacterial) infection. KEY WORDS: Cyprinus carpio · Macrophages · Clodronate · Trypanoplasma borreli · Trypanosoma carassiiResale or republication not permitted without written consent of the publisher

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“…Thereafter, low numbers of flagellates are present in the blood and internal organs of most fishes for a prolonged period. Chronic infections may result in a high prevalence of the flagellates in a fish population, but the intensity of infection is generally low (Lom 1979, Lom & Dykova 1992, Jones et al 1993.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Some immune parameters in carp Cyprinus carpio susceptible and resistant to the haemoflagellate Trypanoplasma borreli

Scharsack¹,

Steinhagen

Körting³

et al. 2004

Dis. Aquat. Org.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Effects of inoculum route and dose on the immune response of common carp, Cyprinus carpio to the blood parasite, Trypanoplasma borreli

Cited by 36 publications

References 17 publications

Flow cytometric analysis of proliferative responses of carp Cyprinus carpio peripheral blood leukocytes to mitogens and to the hemoflagellate Trypanoplasma borreli

Flow cytometric analysis of proliferative responses of carp Cyprinus carpio peripheral blood leukocytes to mitogens and to the hemoflagellate Trypanoplasma borreli

Minor effect of depletion of resident macrophages from peritoneal cavity on resistance of common carp Cyprinus carpio to blood flagellates

Some immune parameters in carp Cyprinus carpio susceptible and resistant to the haemoflagellate Trypanoplasma borreli

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