Effects of initial planting density on branch development in 4-year-old plantation grown Eucalyptus pilularis and Eucalyptus cloeziana trees

Alcorn, Philip J.; Pyttel, Patrick; Bauhus, Jürgen; Smith, Ben; Thomas, Damon; James, Ryde; Nicotra, Adrienne B.

doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2007.06.021

Cited by 65 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…This is partly in line with relevant studies on E. pilularis and E. cloeziana [32], where the number of live branches on the lower stem (≤5.5 m height) were proved to be negatively correlated with planting density, but planting density had no significant effect on the number of dead branches. In addition, the increasing competition within stands with high planting densities led to the higher proportion and density of dead branches, as well as lower proportion and density of live branches.…”

Section: Branch Quantitysupporting

confidence: 88%

“…While for dominant and co-dominant trees, planting density had no significant effect on their height. The results coincided with Alcorn's [32] study on Eucalyptus pilularis and Eucalyptus cloeziana, where he explained that planting density might affect early tree height growth at stand level, but not for dominant and co-dominant trees.…”

Section: Tree Growth Performancesupporting

confidence: 83%

“…The result has also been acknowledged by researchers on many tree species with different ages, such as 14-year-old B. alnoides [21], five-year-old Eucalyptus nitens [38], 20-year-old Pinus sylvestris [14], and eight to 60-year-old Pseudotsuga menziesii [34,39,40]. However, it was also showed that angle of live branches became steeper with increasing planting density in Henskens et al's study on E. globulus [30] and Alcorn et al's study on E. pilularis and E. cloeziana [32]. This might be properly explained from their differences in age, branching habit of species and other compound effects.…”

Section: Branch Morphologymentioning

confidence: 94%

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Branch Development of Five-Year-Old Betula alnoides Plantations in Response to Planting Density

Chun-sheng

Cheng

Hein

et al. 2018

Forests

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Branch development in the lower part of stem is critical to both early stem growth and wood quality of the most valuable section of tree, and its regulation through planting density has always been greatly concerned. Here the effect of planting density on branch development was examined in a five-year-old plantation of Betula alnoides with six planting densities (625, 833, 1111, 1250, 1667, and 2500 stems per hectare (sph)) in Guangdong Province, South China. Branch quantity (number, proportion, and density), morphology (diameter, length, and angle), position (height and orientation), and branch status (dead or alive) were investigated for 54 dominant or co-dominant trees under six treatments of planting density after the growth of each tree was measured. Factors influencing branch development were also explored by mixed modelling. The results showed that the mean tree heights of 1250 and 1667 sph treatments were higher than those of other planting density treatments. The quantity of live branches decreased with increasing planting density. However, planting density had no significant effect on the number of all branches, and there existed no remarkable difference in branch number and proportion among four orientations. As for branch morphology, only the largest branch diameter had a significantly negative correlation with planting density. In addition, high planting density significantly increased the height of the largest branch within the crown. Mixed effects models indicated that branch diameter, length, and angle were closely correlated with each other, and they were all in positively significant correlation to the branch height at the stem section below six meters. It was concluded that properly increasing planting density will promote natural pruning, improve early branch control, and be beneficial for wood production from the most valuable section of the stem.

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Section: Branch Quantitysupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Tree Growth Performancesupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Branch Morphologymentioning

confidence: 94%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Branch Development of Five-Year-Old Betula alnoides Plantations in Response to Planting Density

Chun-sheng

Cheng

Hein

et al. 2018

Forests

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“…Plant responses to avoid competition for light include producing low root/aerial part ratios, thinner stems, and strong apical dominance with low branching intensity, characteristics that favor stem height growth that enable plants to grow above neighboring plant branches (KEGGE; PIERIK, 2009). For example, increases in plant density reduce branch size, increase lower branch mortality, cause branches to angle more acutely, and reduce stem diameter (ALCORN et al, 2007). The response of a plant to avoid shading by neighboring plants is initiated by the low red/far-red ratio (R/FR) of the nearby vegetation reflected light (BALLARE, 1999).…”

Section: Taungya System (First Year)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Corn-Tree Proximity Effects in Agroforestry Experiments

et al. 2016

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-In agroforestry systems, annual plants closest to trees may behave differently from plants in rows that are more distant. This study evaluated the proximity effects of Mimosa caesalpiniifolia (sabiá) and Gliricidia sepium (gliricidia) on corn yield under the taungya and alley cropping systems. The two species were evaluated, in randomised blocks with five replications, in 2010 and 2011, under taungya and alley cropping, respectively. Three rows of corn (left, middle, and right) were grown between two rows of trees. Sabiá trees grew higher than gliricidia trees. The difference in crown diameter between species depended on plant age. There was a linear relationship between plant age and plant height and between plant age and crown diameter for both sabiá and gliricidia trees. In the taungya system, left rows produced more green ears than middle and right rows, but grain yield was higher in middle rows. In the alley system, green ear yield was also higher in left rows than in middle and right rows, but grain yield was unaffected by row position. In both agroforestry systems, there were no differences in corn yield for corn grown between sabiá or gliricidia trees.Keywords: Mimosa caesalpiniifolia. Gliricidia sepium. Zea mays. Taungya. Alleys. EFEITOS DE PROXIMIDADE MILHO -ESPÉCIES ARBÓREAS EM EXPERIMENTOS AGROFLORESTAISRESUMO -Nos sistemas agroflorestais as plantas anuais mais próximas às árvores podem apresentar comportamento diferente das plantas das fileiras mais distantes. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos de proximidade das leguminosas Mimosa caesalpiniifolia (sabiá, S) e Gliricidia sepium (gliricídia, G) sobre os rendimentos do milho nos sistemas taungya e aléias. Em 2010 e 2011, as espécies foram avaliadas em blocos ao acaso com cinco repetições nos sistemas taungya e aleias, respectivamente. Três fileiras de milho (esquerda, central e direita) foram cultivadas entre cada duas fileiras de árvores. A sabiá foi superior à gliricídia quanto à altura de planta (AP). A sabiá foi superior à gliricídia, quanto ao diâmetro da copa (DC) nas últimas cinco avaliações, exceto na avaliação feita aos 240 dias após o plantio, em que as espécies não diferiram. As espécies não diferiram quanto ao DC nas demais avaliações. A resposta das duas espécies à idade da planta, em termos de AP e DC, foi linear. No sistema taungya, a fileira esquerda produziu mais massa de espigas verdes do que as outras fileiras, mas o rendimento de grãos foi maior na fileira central. Em aléias, a fileira esquerda apresentou maior rendimento de espigas verdes do que as outras fileiras, mas o rendimento de grãos não foi influenciado pela posição da fileira. Nos dois sistemas não existiram diferenças entre espécies quanto aos rendimentos de espigas verdes e de grãos do milho.Palavras-chave: Mimosa caesalpiniifolia. Gliricidia sepium. Zea mays. Taungya. Aléias.

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“…The density is more than double the recommended stocking density for other Eucalyptus species of 1,667 individuals per hectare, but the owner's ailing health has prevented him from taking more active management, and he has been considering selling (Galloway et al 2001, Alcom et al 2007. Although the plantation owner is arguably the wealthiest community member, his prosperity stems from several practices, including sugarcane, and dairy and beef cattle, from which he claims to earn the most stable part of his income, rather than the plantation.…”

Section: Figure 3 Reasons Cited For Maintaining Individual Treesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trees in the Agricultural Matrix: Reforestation Processes in a Tropical Dry Landscape in Chinandega, Nicaragua

Duffy¹

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Effects of initial planting density on branch development in 4-year-old plantation grown Eucalyptus pilularis and Eucalyptus cloeziana trees

Cited by 65 publications

References 30 publications

Branch Development of Five-Year-Old Betula alnoides Plantations in Response to Planting Density

Branch Development of Five-Year-Old Betula alnoides Plantations in Response to Planting Density

Corn-Tree Proximity Effects in Agroforestry Experiments

Trees in the Agricultural Matrix: Reforestation Processes in a Tropical Dry Landscape in Chinandega, Nicaragua

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