Effects of Initial Densities and Periods of Infestation on the Growth-Forms of a Host and Parasite Population

Burnett, T.

doi:10.1139/z60-112

Cited by 20 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…Secondarily, E. formosa's interaction with T. vaporariorum has also been modeled in an attempt to identify factors that stabilize such interactions (14,16,17,165,170,171). Factors affecting population dynamics of E. formosa and T. vaporariorum in greenhouse vegetable systems include hostparasitoid ratios, starting density and age structure of whitefly populations at time of first parasitoid releases (17, 31), levels of host-feeding and parasitism (18), temperature, and host plant (98).…”

Section: Host/parasitoid Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Burnett studied E. formosa's interaction with T. vaporariorum (14,16) and found that initial whitefly density (17) and the interaction between host-feeding and whitefly population age structure (18) strongly influenced the dynamic outcome. Van Lenteren et al (131) concluded that multiple introductions of E. formosa over a 16-week period were necessary to stabilize E. formosa-T. vaporariorum population fluctuations on greenhouse tomatoes.…”

Section: Host/parasitoid Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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BIOLOGY AND USE OF THE WHITEFLY PARASITOIDENCARSIA FORMOSA

Hoddle

Driesche

Sanderson

1998

Annu. Rev. Entomol.

198

116

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Encarsia formosa is a parasitoid used worldwide for the biological control of whiteflies on vegetables and ornamental plants grown in greenhouses. Because of outstanding success in controlling Trialeurodes vaporariorum on tomatoes, the biology and behavior of this wasp have been intensively studied to identify attributes that contribute to successful biological control and how best to manipulate augmentative releases into greenhouses to suppress whitefly population growth. In this article, we review the biology of adult and immature E. formosa, population dynamics of whitefly-parasitoid interactions, and commercial use in greenhouses. Deficits in knowledge of aspects of E. formosa's biology and use are noted.

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Section: Host/parasitoid Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Host/parasitoid Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

BIOLOGY AND USE OF THE WHITEFLY PARASITOIDENCARSIA FORMOSA

Hoddle

Driesche

Sanderson

1998

Annu. Rev. Entomol.

198

116

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“…The threshold conditions which guarantee that the pest dies out are derived, and several governing factors including application timing and control tactics are investigated with regard to the extent of depression or resurgence resulting from pulses of pesticide applications. Experimental observations have shown that the initial densities of pest and natural enemy populations can affect classical biological control (Burnett, 1960;Foster and Kelly, 1978;Jones, 1999). The numerical results obtained in the present paper also indicate that the simplest pest-natural enemy models with impulsive control tactics can lead to the coexistence of pests and natural enemies for a wide range of parameters, but with quite different pest amplitudes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimum timing for integrated pest management: Modelling rates of pesticide application and natural enemy releases

Tang

Cheke

2010

Journal of Theoretical Biology

113

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This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting galley proof before it is published in its final citable form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. peer-00585804, version 1 -14 Apr 2011Author manuscript, published in "Journal of Theoretical Biology 264, 2 (2010) 623" DOI : 10.1016/j.jtbi.2010.02.034 A c c e p t e d m a n u s c r i p t A c c e p t e d m a n u s c r i p tAbstract Many factors including pest natural enemy ratios, starting densities, timings of natural enemy releases, dosages and timings of insecticide applications and instantaneous killing rates of pesticides on both pests and natural enemies can affect the success of IPM control programmes. To address how such factors influence successful pest control, hybrid impulsive pest-natural enemy models with different frequencies of pesticide sprays and natural enemy releases were proposed and analyzed. With releasing both more or less frequent than the sprays, a stability threshold condition for a pest eradication periodic solution is provided.Moreover, the effects of times of spraying pesticides (or releasing natural enemies) and control tactics on the threshold condition were investigated with regard to the extent of depression or resurgence resulting from pulses of pesticide applications.Multiple attractors from which the pest population oscillates with different amplitudes can coexist for a wide range of parameters and the switch-like transitions among these attractors showed that varying dosages and frequencies of insecticide applications and the numbers of natural enemies released are crucial.To see how the pesticide applications could be reduced, we developed a model involving periodic releases of natural enemies with chemical control applied only when the densities of the pest reached the given Economic Threshold. The results indicate that the pest outbreak period or frequency largely depends on the initial densities and the control tactics.

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“…Later, Milliron (1943) published a detailed life history of the greenhouse whitefly and E. formosa. Subsequently Burnett (1949Burnett ( , 1960Burnett ( , 1967 described the effect of temperature and other factors on the interaction between these two organisms. ~u m e t t showed that both temperature and proportion of parasite to host were critical factors in the final outcome of a relatively long-term host-parasite system.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

THE MECHANISM OF SPERM PRECEDENCE IN THE SPRUCE BUDWORM,CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA(LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)

Retnakaran¹

1974

Can Entomol

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Can. Ent. 106: 1175Ent. 106: -1188Ent. 106: (1974 Parasitized and unparasitized whitefly populations were sampled on a short-term crop (poinsettia) at 4-7 day intervals until crop harvest. Age-specific whitefly survivorship and parasite activity were evaluated in relation to various biotic and abiotic factors. Three critical factors influenced the outcome of the whitefly-Encarsia formosa interaction during short-term crop production. Commercially acceptable levels of control were achieved on poinsettia by (a) introducing parasites during the first 40 days of crop production, as pupae, when small scales were abundant, (b) introducing sufficient parasite pupae to develop a ratio of one adult parasite for every 30 large whitefly scales, and (c) maintaining an average temperature of 23.3"C (74°F).

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Effects of Initial Densities and Periods of Infestation on the Growth-Forms of a Host and Parasite Population

Abstract: Initial densities and periods of infestation of adults of Trialeurodes vaporariorum and its chalcid parasite Encarsia formosa influence subsequent fluctuations in numbers of adults of both host and parasite.

Cited by 20 publications

References 1 publication

BIOLOGY AND USE OF THE WHITEFLY PARASITOIDENCARSIA FORMOSA

BIOLOGY AND USE OF THE WHITEFLY PARASITOIDENCARSIA FORMOSA

Optimum timing for integrated pest management: Modelling rates of pesticide application and natural enemy releases

THE MECHANISM OF SPERM PRECEDENCE IN THE SPRUCE BUDWORM,CHORISTONEURA FUMIFERANA(LEPIDOPTERA: TORTRICIDAE)

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