Effects of initial and extended exposure to an endophyte-infected tall fescue seed diet on faecal and urinary excretion of ergovaline and lysergic acid in mature geldings

Schultz, C. L.; Lodge-Ivey, Shanna L; Bush, L. P.; Craig, A. Morrie; Strickland, J. R.

doi:10.1080/00480169.2006.36692

Cited by 28 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…1978); detection and quantification of ergot alkaloids in urine, bile, milk, and tissues (Westendorf et al, 1993;Stuedemann et al, 1998;Durix et al, 1999;Realini et al. 2005;Schultz et al, 2006); and in vitro transport studies Shappell and Smith, 2005).…”

Section: Absorptionmentioning

confidence: 95%

BOARD-INVITED REVIEW: St. Anthony's Fire in livestock: Causes, mechanisms, and potential solutions1,2

Strickland

Looper

Matthews

et al. 2011

Journal of Animal Science

176

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After a brief history of ergot alkaloids and ergotism, this review focuses on the metabolism and mechanisms of action of the ergot alkaloids. The authors provide models of how these alkaloids afflict grazing livestock under complex animal-plant/endophyte-environmental interactions. Alkaloid chemistry is presented to orient the reader to the structure-function relationships that are known to exist. Where appropriate, the medical literature is used to aid interpretation of livestock research and to provide insight into potential modes of action and alkaloid metabolism where these are not known for livestock. In closing the paper, we discuss management of ergot alkaloid intoxication in livestock and future research needs for this field of study.

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Section: Absorptionmentioning

confidence: 95%

BOARD-INVITED REVIEW: St. Anthony's Fire in livestock: Causes, mechanisms, and potential solutions1,2

Strickland

Looper

Matthews

et al. 2011

Journal of Animal Science

176

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Our metabolomics approach was optimized for extraction of the entire metabolome, not specifically EA, and this is one potential reason for the lack of plasma ergovaline (Klotz and Nicol, 2016;Schultz et al, 2006) or urine lysergic acid (Lodge-Ivey et al, 2006;Schultz et al, 2006) identification. Rapid ergovaline metabolism and distribution to liver and kidney tissues also impedes its identification in the plasma (Ayers et al, 2009;De Lorme et al, 2007;Zbib et al, 2014).…”

Section: A C C E P T E D Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolomics of fescue toxicosis in grazing beef steers

Mote

Hill

Uppal

et al. 2017

Food and Chemical Toxicology

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Fescue toxicosis (FT) results from consumption of tall fescue (Lolium arundinaceum) infected with an endophyte (Epichloë coenophiala) that produces ergot alkaloids (EA), which are considered key etiological agents of FT. Decreased weight gains, hormonal imbalance, circulating cholesterol disruption, and decreased volatile fatty acid absorption suggest toxic (E+) fescue-induced metabolic perturbations. Employing untargeted high-resolution metabolomics (HRM) to analyze E+ grazing-induced plasma and urine metabolome changes, fescue-naïve Angus steers were placed on E+ or non-toxic (Max-Q) fescue pastures and plasma and urine were sampled before, 1, 2, 14, and 28 days after pasture assignment. Plasma and urine catecholamines and urinary EA concentrations were also measured. In E+ steers, urinary EA appeared early and peaked at 14 days. 13,090 urinary and 20,908 plasma HRM features were detected; the most significant effects were observed earlier (2 days) in the urine and later (≥14 days) in the plasma. Alongside EA metabolite detection, tryptophan and lipid metabolism disruption were among the main consequences of E+ consumption. The E+ grazing-associated metabolic pathways and signatures described herein may accelerate development of novel early FT detection and treatment strategies.

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“…A series of in vivo alkaloid-balance studies all came to similar conclusions regarding the conversion of ergovaline to lysergic acid in geldings (Schultz et al 2006), wethers (De Lorme et al 2007) and steers (Merrill et al 2007). Specifically, these studies all reported intake concentrations of ergovaline and lysergic acid and concentrations of these compounds in the urine and faeces.…”

Section: Bioavailabilitymentioning

confidence: 71%

“…In all three studies, there was less ergovaline and more lysergic acid excreted than consumed. Reported recoveries of ergovaline were 58.3%, 35.4% and 55% for Schultz et al (2006), De Lorme et al (2007 and Merrill et al (2007) respectively, whereas recoveries for lysergic acid in all three studies were >200% of intake. All ergovaline recovered was in the faeces, as Stuedemann et al (1998) reported that excretion of ergovaline occurs via the biliary system, whereas the majority of lysergic acid was recovered in urine.…”

Section: Bioavailabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Ergovaline, an endophytic alkaloid. 1. Animal physiology and metabolism

Klotz

Nicol

2016

Anim. Prod. Sci.

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Abstract. Ergovaline is an ergot alkaloid found in some endophyte-infected ryegrasses and it has been implicated in the expression of ergotism-like symptoms of grazing livestock, as well as in the protection of the plant against invertebrate predation and abiotic stresses. These selection pressures have resulted in a conflict between the needs of the pasture for persistence and the needs of the animal for production. Ergovaline has not been well studied in terms of animal physiology until recently. There are several putative mechanisms that limit the bioavailability of ergovaline, ranging from microbial biotransformation to post-absorptive hepatic detoxification. Although there are mechanisms that protect the animal from ergovaline exposure, tissues are very sensitive to ergovaline, indicating that ergovaline is very potent and that small quantities have the potential to cause noticeable physiological effects. The range of physiological effects, including decreased circulating prolactin, vasoconstriction and increased susceptibility to heat stress are all linked to the interaction of ergovaline with biogenic amine receptors found throughout the body. This review will focus on understanding the variation of ergovaline concentration in terms of bioavailability, the myriad of hurdles a molecule of ergovaline must overcome to cause an effect, what the ergovaline-induced effects are in New Zealand livestock and how this relates to the potency of ergovaline.

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Effects of initial and extended exposure to an endophyte-infected tall fescue seed diet on faecal and urinary excretion of ergovaline and lysergic acid in mature geldings

Cited by 28 publications

References 25 publications

BOARD-INVITED REVIEW: St. Anthony's Fire in livestock: Causes, mechanisms, and potential solutions1,2

BOARD-INVITED REVIEW: St. Anthony's Fire in livestock: Causes, mechanisms, and potential solutions1,2

Metabolomics of fescue toxicosis in grazing beef steers

Ergovaline, an endophytic alkaloid. 1. Animal physiology and metabolism

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