Effects of infection with Nosema pyrausta on survival and development of offspring of laboratory selected Bt-resistant and Bt-susceptible European corn borers

Lopez, Miriam D.; Sumerford, Douglas V.; Lewis, Leslie C.

doi:10.1016/j.jip.2010.07.004

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(39 reference statements)

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“…Raymond et al (2007) have reported that baculoviruses (NPV) also increased the fitness costs of a Cryl1Ac resistant population of P. xylostella. Lopez et al (2010) also reported the similar findings that Nosema pyrausta delayed larval development of partially and fully Cryl1Ab resistant Ostrinia nubilalis. Similarly, the nematode S. riobrave increased the fitness costs of resistance to Bt toxin Cry1Ac in pink bollworm (Hannon et al 2010).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Effects of entomopathogenic nematodes Steinernema carpocapsae and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora on the fitness of a Vip3A resistant subpopulation of Heliothis virescens (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera)

2020

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The widespread use of transgenic plants imposes selection pressure on insect pest populations to develop insecticide resistance. Evaluation of effectiveness of resistance management strategies is very important in resistance management programs. Resistance management to insecticides is widely believed to depend in part on associated fitness costs. Fitness costs can delay the development of resistance. In the present study, the effects of two entomopathogenic nematode species, Steinernema carpocapsae and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora were studied on the fitness of first insect population of Heliothis virescens selected with Vip3A in the laboratory. It was found that both nematodes species increased the fitness cost of Vip3A selected insects. The mortality of the Unsel subpopulation after exposure to either nematode species was significantly lower than that of the Vip3A-Sel subpopulation. Likewise, the reproduction of both nematode species was significantly greater in cadavers of the Unsel compared with the Vip3A-Sel subpopulation of H. virescens. There was positive correlation between nematode reproduction and the larval instar infected with nematodes. The penetration of infective nematode juveniles (IJ) was greater in the Vip3A-Sel subpopulation than in the Unsel subpopulation of H. virescens. It is concluded that entomopathogenic nematodes could increase the fitness costs and subsequently delay the resistance.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 64%

Effects of entomopathogenic nematodes Steinernema carpocapsae and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora on the fitness of a Vip3A resistant subpopulation of Heliothis virescens (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera)

2020

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“…2010). The potential for complementary biological control to assist with resistance management was recently demonstrated in a laboratory study by Lopez et al. (2010), where pathogen infection in combination with Cry1Ab proteins synergistically increased mortality of Bt ‐resistant O. nubilalis larvae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biased sex ratios, mating frequency andNosemaprevalence in European corn borer, at low population densities

White

Burkness

Hutchison

2012

J Applied Entomology

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The widespread adoption of transgenic Bt maize in the Midwestern United States has led to historically low populations of the European corn borer, Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner). Reduced population densities might influence mating and/or disease dynamics in O. nubilalis, potentially amplifying or diminishing the benefits of areawide suppression. We hypothesized that O. nubilalis mating success and infection by the microsporidium Nosema pyrausta Paillot would be decreased in areas of low pest density. Over 2 years (2009, 2010), we collected moths from black‐light traps, evaluating sex ratio, mating status and infection by Nosema. We found several locations that exhibited female‐biased sex ratios: to our knowledge, this is the first report of female‐biased sex ratios in O. nubilalis in the Midwestern United States. Despite this bias and subsequent rareness of males, proportion mating was still high (>90%) in most locations, and there were no statistically significant relationships among population density (as measured by black‐light trap catch), sex ratio and proportion of female moths that were mated. Nosema prevalence was highly variable among locations, ranging from 0% to 87% of female moths infected. Nosema infection was not significantly related to population density in either year, but was positively associated with sex ratio in 2009. It is possible that Nosema or some other microbe may be manipulating reproduction in O. nubilalis. Regardless of mechanism, our results indicate that Nosema is being maintained in O. nubilalis, which is an encouraging indication that this important natural enemy may continue to provide biological control to complement transgenic technology. Additional surveys are warranted to better understand the extent of female‐biased sex ratios in low‐density populations of O. nubilalis. Population models developed for studying the risk of Bt resistance in this pest should consider the possible impact of female‐biased sex ratios (vs. the conventional 1 : 1 sex ratio).

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“…Microsporidia are unicellular parasitic eukaryotes that play an important role in population dynamics of lepidopteran insects (Solter et al, 2012;Malysh et al, 2013;Frolov, 2019;Issi, 2020;Andreeva et al, 2021). Nosema pyrausta (Paillot) Weiser, 1961 is a widespread pathogen of the European corn borer Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner, 1796) (Pyraloidea: Crambidae), causing increased larval mortality (especially during hibernation), retarded larval development, reduced adult fecundity, and enhanced susceptibility of the insects to chemical and microbial insecticides (Siegel et al, 1988;Pierce et al, 2001;Lopez et al, 2010). Nosema pyrausta is capable of vertical transmission through generations of its host (Siegel et al, 1988;Grushevaya et al, 2021).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spore yield of the microsporidium Nosema pyrausta (Paillot) Weiser, 1961 is influenced the insect host rearing temperature and diet composition

et al. 2023

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The microsporidium Nosema pyrausta (Paillot) Weiser, 1961 is an important mortality factor of the stem borers of the genus Ostrinia and may be used to control other lepidopteran pests. Rearing conditions (temperature regime and diet composition) of the laboratory host Ostrinia furnacalis (Guenée, 1854) (Pyraloidea: Crambidae) were compared in terms of their influence on N. pyrausta spore production, estimated as the mean spore number per host pupa. At lowered temperature (+20 °C), most of the experimental insects died at the larval stage, and in survived pupae, the microsporidium spore yield was below 8 × 10 6 spores/pupa. At the temperature of +24 °C, which is supposed to be the optimal for the insect laboratory culture exploited, N. pyrausta spore yield was about 50 × 10 6 spores/pupa. At increased temperature (+28 °C), the parasite spore yield was not higher than 28 × 10 6 spores/pupa. The mean spore yield values were significantly different between the variants of the three thermal regimes at 99% confidence level. The microsporidium spore production was further compared in insects fed with a standard corn flour-based diet vs modified diet (corn flour mixed with soybean flour at an equal proportion), reared at + 24 °C. Insect feeding with the modified diet caused an increase of the average spore yield by 35% (70 × 10 6 vs 52 × 10 6 spores/pupa obtained using the standard diet). Similarly, the weight of the pupae reared on the modified diet was 33% higher (0.0721 g vs 0.0542 g on the standard diet). Both the spore yield and the pupal weight values were significantly different between the two diet types at 95% confidence level. This provides one logical explanation of the parasite spore production increase as conditioned by the insect host weight increment. These observations indicate that +24 °C is the optimal thermal regime for N. pyrausta spore production which can further be augmented by supplementing diet of infected Ostrinia furnacalis larvae with soybean flour.

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Effects of infection with Nosema pyrausta on survival and development of offspring of laboratory selected Bt-resistant and Bt-susceptible European corn borers

Cited by 8 publications

References 34 publications

Effects of entomopathogenic nematodes Steinernema carpocapsae and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora on the fitness of a Vip3A resistant subpopulation of Heliothis virescens (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera)

Effects of entomopathogenic nematodes Steinernema carpocapsae and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora on the fitness of a Vip3A resistant subpopulation of Heliothis virescens (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera)

Biased sex ratios, mating frequency andNosemaprevalence in European corn borer, at low population densities

Spore yield of the microsporidium Nosema pyrausta (Paillot) Weiser, 1961 is influenced the insect host rearing temperature and diet composition

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