Effects of inbreeding in three life stages of Drosophila buzzatii after embryos were exposed to a high temperature stress

Dahlgaard, Jesper; Loeschcke, Volker

doi:10.1038/hdy.1997.64

Cited by 47 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…The negative effects of low pollen diversity on offspring performance were not significantly enhanced under stressful environmental conditions in our study. By comparison, other studies (Hauser & Loeschke, 1996;Dahlgaard & Loeschke, 1997) found stronger inbreeding depression under stressful environmental conditions. This suggests that even if purging has occurred under environmental conditions closer to the species' optimum, additional inbreeding depression is still expressed under novel conditions (Bijlsma et al, 1999).…”

Section: Effects Of Low Vs High Pollen Diversitymentioning

confidence: 74%

Effects of inbreeding and pollen donor provenance and diversity on offspring performance under environmental stress in the rare plant Cochlearia bavarica

Paschke

Bernasconi

Schmid

2005

Basic and Applied Ecology

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SummaryHabitat degradation and loss can reduce size and genetic variability of natural populations, increasing individual homozygosity and average relatedness between individuals. While the resulting inbreeding depression may be reduced by natural selection under prevailing environmental conditions, it may increase again under environmental stress. To investigate the effect of environmental stress on offspring performance and the expression of inbreeding depression, we hand-pollinated maternal plants in small (o 100, n ¼ 5) and large populations (4 400 flowering plants, n ¼ 5) of the rare plant Cochlearia bavarica (Brassicaceae) and raised the offspring under experimentally manipulated water and light regimes (normal or reduced supply). In addition to considering natural variation in inbreeding levels due to population size, we manipulated pollen donor provenance and diversity. Maternal plants were pollinated with nine donors from a different population or with one or nine donors from the same population. One further inflorescence of each maternal plant was exposed to free pollination. Offspring growth and survival were monitored over 300 days. Offspring performance varied significantly among populations and maternal plants. Environmental stress interacted significantly with these factors. However, there was no general indication that offspring from small populations were more negatively affected. In seven out of 10 populations, offspring derived from between-population pollination performed better than offspring derived from withinpopulation pollination. Also, in five out of 10 populations, average offspring size was KEYWORDS Environmental stress; Genetic variation; Inbreeding depression; Outbreeding; Pollen diversity; Population size; Rare plant species; Reaction norm higher after within-population pollination with nine than after pollination with one pollen donor. These results suggest low genetic diversity within C. bavarica populations, both smaller and larger ones. Interactions between environmental stress and pollination treatment indicated that using pollen donors from outside a population or increasing the number of pollen donors can reduce inbreeding depression, but that this beneficial effect is impaired under stressful conditions.

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Section: Effects Of Low Vs High Pollen Diversitymentioning

confidence: 74%

Effects of inbreeding and pollen donor provenance and diversity on offspring performance under environmental stress in the rare plant Cochlearia bavarica

Paschke

Bernasconi

Schmid

2005

Basic and Applied Ecology

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“…The experimental design was based on previous Drosophila thermotolerance studies (68). Longevity at elevated temperature applied during the entire life span starting from the embryo stage was scored in three consequent generations on males and females.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drosophila flies in “Evolution Canyon” as a model for incipient sympatric speciation

Korol

Rashkovetsky

Iliadi

et al. 2006

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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The genetic basis of population divergence leading to adaptive radiation and speciation is a major unresolved problem of evolutionary biology. Molecular elucidation of ''speciation genes'' advanced recently, yet it remains without clear identification of the gene complexes participating in reproductive isolation between natural populations, particularly, in sympatry. Genetic divergence was discovered between Drosophila melanogaster populations inhabiting ecologically contrasting, opposite slopes in ''Evolution Canyon'' (EC), Mt. Carmel, Israel. Interslope migration of flies is easy and verified. Nevertheless, significant interslope D. melanogaster population divergence was established at EC involving habitat choice, mate choice, thermal and drought tolerances, adaptive genes, and mobile elements. Parallel patterns of stress tolerance, habitat choice, and mate choice were demonstrated in Drosophila simulans at EC, although on a smaller scale. However, some tests for interslope genetic differentiation in Drosophila, derived from the opposite EC slopes, gave somewhat controversial results. Here we present new empirical data on interslope genetic divergence of Drosophila at EC, and summarize previous supporting and controversial results. We suggest that Drosophila populations at EC represent a rare example, demonstrating how selection overrides migration, and propose an ad hoc ecological model of incipient sympatric divergence.genetic divergence ͉ incipient differentiation ͉ natural populations ͉ sympatric evolution

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“…The temperature 311C is just above the limit for male fertility in D. buzzatii and the cycling regime is an attempt to reflect natural temperature conditions (Dahlgaard and Loeschcke, 1997). For each combination of line and temperature treatment, bottles with 20 pairs (approximately 7 days old) were set up at 251C for egg laying.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Heat and cold-induced male sterility in Drosophila buzzatii: genetic variation among populations for the duration of sterility

et al. 2003

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Here we studied three phenotypic traits in Drosophila buzzatii that are strongly effected by temperature, and are expected to be closely associated with fitness in nature. The traits measured were thermal threshold of male sterility, time for males to gain fertility when reared at a sterility-inducing temperature and transferred to 251C on eclosion and survival after development. The last two traits were measured under four temperature regimes, constant 121C, 251C, 311C, and fluctuating 251C (18 h) and 381C (6 h). We looked for genetic variation in these traits and relations among them in four lines of D. buzzatii originating from Argentina and Tenerife. The thermal threshold of heat-induced male sterility was found to lie within the range of 30.0-31.01C. When measuring the time for males to gain fertility, males reared at a nonstressful temperature (251C) were fertile 58-67 h after emergence with only minor differences among lines. When reared constant 311C, males were fertile 174-225 h after hatching. The Argentinean lines were significantly faster in recovering from sterility than were the lines from Tenerife. When reared in a fluctuating temperature regime, differences among lines increased, dividing the lines into three significantly different groups, with a sterility period of 135-215 h. When reared at 121C from the pupal stage, males were fertile after 106-130 h with significant difference in the variance but not in the mean duration of sterility. Significant differences in viability were found among development temperatures, but not among lines, and viability and the duration of sterility seem to be genetically independent.

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Effects of inbreeding in three life stages of Drosophila buzzatii after embryos were exposed to a high temperature stress

Cited by 47 publications

References 25 publications

Effects of inbreeding and pollen donor provenance and diversity on offspring performance under environmental stress in the rare plant Cochlearia bavarica

Effects of inbreeding and pollen donor provenance and diversity on offspring performance under environmental stress in the rare plant Cochlearia bavarica

Drosophila flies in “Evolution Canyon” as a model for incipient sympatric speciation

Heat and cold-induced male sterility in Drosophila buzzatii: genetic variation among populations for the duration of sterility

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