“…Research in early childhood intervention, medicine, and other fields indicates that many if not most "training systems" often focus on experiences and opportunities that are now known not to be very effective in terms of changing practitioner beliefs or practices (Baskett & Marsick, 1992;Bierema & Eraut, 2004;Davis et al, 1999;Dunst et al, 2011;Grimshaw, Eccles, Walker, & Thomas, 2002;McCamey, 2003). Findings from the CIPPPPEIPE Bruder & Stayton, 2004;Bruder & Stayton, 2006) indicate that the most frequently offered and provided in-service training in states having established technical assistance and training systems do not include the characteristics and features known to be associated with optimal learner outcomes (Dunst, Trivette, & Hamby, 2010;Norman-Murch & Wollenburg, 2000;van Oorsouw, Embregts, Bosman, & Jahoda, 2009).…”