Effects of in ovo injection of organic zinc, manganese, and copper on the hatchability and bone parameters of broiler hatchlings

Abstract

Effects of the in ovo injection of commercial diluent containing supplemental microminerals (Zn, Mn, and Cu) on hatchability and hatching chick quality variables in Ross × Ross 708 broilers were examined. On 17 d of incubation (doi) eggs were subjected to 1 of 4 treatments using a commercial multi-egg injector. Treatments included non-injected (treatment 1) and diluent-injected (treatment 2) control groups. Those in treatment 3 received diluent containing 0.181, 0.087, and 0.010 mg/mL of Zn, Mn, and Cu, respectively, and those in treatment 4 received diluent containing 0.544, 0.260, and 0.030 mg/mL of Zn, Mn, and Cu, respectively. A total of 1,872 eggs were distributed among 4 treatment groups on each of 6 replicate tray levels. Hatchability of fertile eggs set (HF) was determined on 20.5 and 21.5 doi. On 21.5 doi, HF and mean hatching chick weight (MHW) were determined. One bird from each treatment replicate group was randomly selected, weighed, and necropsied for the extraction of their livers and tibiae. The tibiae fresh and dry weight, length, width, bone breaking strength (BBS), and percentage of bone ash (PBA) were determined. The dry livers were weighed and ashed. Injection treatment had no significant effect on HF at 20.5 doi. However, there was a significant injection treatment effect on HF at 21.5 doi. The HF of eggs at 21.5 doi in treatment 4 was significantly lower than that of the non-injected control group, with treatment 3 being intermediate. Furthermore, there were no significant treatment effects noted for MHW fresh and dry tibia weights, tibia length and width, tibia length to weight ratio, BBS, liver ash content, or percentage of minerals (Ca, P, Mg, Mn, and Zn) in the tibia ash. However, embryos from eggs that received treatment 4 had a significantly higher PBA in comparison to all other treatments. In conclusion, although treatment 4 negatively affected HF, the injection of diluent containing the high micromineral concentration has the potential to improve bone mineralization.

Response of in ovo administration of zinc on egg hatchability and immune response of commercial broiler chicken

“…Oliveira et al. () observed administration of 0.5 mg of zinc along with manganese and copper did not influence the hatch weight of chicks compared to control.…”

“…Oliveira et al. () observed administration of commercial diluents containing 0.5 mg of zinc along with manganese and copper reduced the hatchability (86%) compared to non‐administered control (94%). As per the recent work of Joshua, Valli, and Balakrishnan (), hatchability percentage on in ovo administration of graded levels of nano zinc (20–80 μg/egg) resulted in the hatchability of 96%–88%.…”

The Effects of In-Ovo Injection of Propolis on Egg Hatchability and Starter Live Performance of Japanese Quails

“…Hatchability was increased by in-ovo injection with ascorbic acid (Ipek et al, 2004), L-arginine (Al-Daraji et al, 2012), and carbohydrates (Dong et al, 2013). However, hatchability was reduced by in-ovo injection with ascorbic acid (Sgavioli et al, 2015), organic trace minerals (Oliveira et al, 2015), glucose (Ebrahimnezhad et al, 2011), and glucose and magnesium (Salmanzadeh et al, 2012). In contrast, Bhanja & Mandal (2005), Nowaczewski et al (2012), Moore et al (1994), Shafey et al (2012), and Coskun et al (2014) reported that hatchability was not affected when eggs were injected with amino acids, vitamin C, hormones, carbohydrates, and pollen extract, respectively.…”

“…The in-ovo method was first used by Sharma & Burmester (1982) for the vaccination of turkey hatching eggs against Marek's disease. Recently, the in-ovo method has been investigated by researchers for administering ascorbic acid (Elibol et al, 2001;Ipek et al, 2004;Sgavioli et al, 2015), carbohydrates (Zhai et al, 2011;Salmanzadeh, 2012;Ipek et al, 2004;Tako et al, 2004), amino acids (Bhanja et al, 2014;Ohta et al, 1999;Kermanshahi et al, 2015), vitamins (Bello et al, 2013;Salary et al, 2014), minerals (Yair et al, 2013;Oliveira et al, 2015), pollen (Coskun et al, 2014), hormones (Moore et al, 1994;Kocamis et al, 1999), and royal jelly (Moghaddam et al, 2014).…”

Cardio-respiratory development in bird embryos: new insights from a venerable animal model

“…Some metals (e.g., arsenic, cadmium, cobalt, copper, iron, mercury, and zinc) may be extremely toxic at low levels, while in trace amounts some comprise essential nutrients required for biochemical and physiological functions. Some inorganic substances including metals not only have general effects in bird embryos such as reduced hatchability (Oliveira et al, 2015), but also specifically affect cardiovascular system through altered angiogenesis (Bertossi et al, 2004;Gheorghescu et al, 2015;Mroczek-Sosnowska et al, 2015), disruption to hematology (Newkirk et al, 2014), or in vitro changes in cardiomyoctes (Canga et al, 1993;Natarajan et al, 2006). Inorganic pesticides, organometals, and halogenated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (HPAH) are some of the chemicals identified as endocrine disruptors (ED) in part because of their high lipophilicity, their ability to irreversibly bind to macromolecules (i.e., DNA), and their ability to reversibly react at specific sites of the receptors and enzymes (Yu et al, 2011).…”