Effects of in ovo feeding of methionine and/or disaccharide on post-hatching breast development, glycogen reserves, nutrients absorption parameters, and jejunum antioxidant indices in geese

Abstract

We investigated the effects of in ovo injection of methionine (Met) and/or disaccharide (DS) on breast muscle and small intestine development, and the aspect of the glycogen contents, digestive enzymes activities, and jejunal antioxidant parameters in geese after incubation. A total of 600 fertilized eggs were used in this study to be employed in a 2 × 2 factorial experiment. Eggs were randomly assigned to 4 groups, 6 replicates per group, and 25 eggs per replicate. Factors in four groups included non-injection, Met injection (5 g/L Met dissolved in 7.5 g/L NaCl), DS injection (25 g/L maltose and 25 g/L sucrose dissolved in 7.5 g/L NaCl), and DS plus Met injection (25 g/L maltose, 25 g/L sucrose, and 5 g/L Met dissolved in 7.5 g/L NaCl). As a result, birth weight, relative weight of breast muscle, diameter of myofiber, glycogen contents, jejunal villus and surface area, and jejunal digestive enzymes activities improved, while liver glucose-6-phosphatase activity decreased, by DS injection. Additionally, DS administration upregulated the expression of myogenic factor-5 (Myf-5) from breast muscle and sodium/glucose cotransporter protein-1 (SGLT-1) from jejunum. In ovo delivery of DS has long-term effects on the improvement of jejunal glucose transporter-2 (GLUT-2) and sucrase-isomaltase expression. In ovo feeding of Met improved the relative weight of breast muscle and small intestine, diameter of myofiber, length of small intestine, jejunal villus width, jejunal sucrase, Na+/K+ATPase and alkaline phosphatase activities, and jejunal glutathione (GSH) concentration, and decreased the jejunal glutathione disulfide (GSSH) and the ratio of GSSG to GSH, in early-life post-hatching. The breast muscle Myf-5 and myostatin expression, jejunal villus height and surface area, jejunal glutathione peroxidase concentration, and the expression of GLUT-2 in jejunum long-term improved by in ovo delivery of Met. Moreover, in ovo feeding of DS plus Met mixture synergistically improved the diameter of myofiber, jejunal villus height and width, jejunal sucrase, and alkaline phosphatase activities in early-life post-hatching, but long-term upregulated the expression of jejunal GLUT-2. Therefore, we concluded that in ovo injection of Met plus DS is an effective way to improve the development of gosling during post-hatching stages.

In‌ ovo feeding of nutraceuticals and its role in adjusting the gastrointestinal tract, antioxidative properties, immunological response, and performance in poultry: An updated review

“…Zhu et al (2019) documented that IOF of l-lysine (2.11 mg) increased BW and BWG of squabs at 14 days of age. Also, Dang et al (2022) proved that IOF of methionine (5 g/l) and/or disaccharides (25 g/l maltose and 25 g/l sucrose) increased breast muscle %, breast muscle glycogen content and diameter of myofibres at hatching in geese. They also illustrated that IOF of methionine upregulated the expression of muscle fibre development genes, including myogenic factor-5 and myostatin, at 1, 7, and 28 days of age in geese.…”

“…Broiler eggs are usually injected into amniotic fluid or amniotic cavity on 17-18 days of incubation (Ajayi et al 2022;Shehata et al 2022), while pigeon eggs are injected into the amniotic cavity on day 13 of incubation (Zhu et al 2019). Goose eggs are injected into the amnion on 24 days of incubation (Dang et al 2022) and Japanese quail eggs are injected into the air sac on 15 days of incubation (Hajati et al 2021). Under commercial conditions, IOF is carried out during egg transfer from setter to hatcher machine (on 17-18 days of incubation) to provide the high requirements for nutrients, vitamins, and minerals needed for rapid embryonic development.…”

“…These results are in correspondence with those of Elwan et al (2019), who indicated that IOF of 5.90 mg l-methionine + 3.40 mg l-cysteine on day 17.5 of embryonic development increased the concentrations of total antioxidant capacity and glutathione in serum, liver, heart, kidney, pectoral muscle, and small intestine of newly hatched chicks subjected to hyperthermia during incubation. Recently, Dang et al (2022) proved that IOF of methionine (5 g/l) and/ or disaccharide (25 g/l maltose and 25 g/l sucrose) increased jejunal GSH and GSH-Px concentrations at seven and 28 days of age in geese. Han et al (2022) postulated that IOF of l-leucine (69 μmol) increased serum GSH-Px and decreased serum MDA concentrations of broilers at 39 days of age.…”

“…Several publications documented that IOF of a mixture of carbohydrates and antioxidants (Asa et al 2022), Se (Hassan 2018;El-Deep et al 2020;Krisnan et al 2021), coenzyme Q10 (Kalantar et al 2019), Nigella sativa extract (Oke et al 2021), and folic acid (Li et al 2016) improved growth performance measurements. Additionally, a series of recent studies have indicated that IOF of amino acids enhanced growth performance (Yu et al 2018;Toghyani et al 2019;Ajayi et al 2022;Dang et al 2022;Gonzales et al 2022). Ajayi et al (2022) demonstrated that IOF of a mixture of 3.4 mg cysteine + 2 mg lysine on day 17.5 of embryogenesis enhanced post-hatch growth performance.…”

“…The IOF of nutraceuticals improved intestinal morphometry and modulated a healthy intestinal microbial balance (Asa et al 2022;Gonzales et al 2022;Shehata et al 2022). Also, IOF of nutraceuticals participates in improving the antioxidative properties and stimulating the immune response, leading to high growth performance (Yang et al 2021;Dang et al 2022;Mousstaaid et al 2022) (Table 1). The current review attempts to throw more light on the fresh results associated with the profits Figure 1.…”