Effects of in ovo feeding of carbohydrates on hatchability, body weight, and energy status in domestic pigeons (Columba livia)

Abstract

The effects of in ovo feeding of carbohydrates on hatchability, BW, yolk sac weights (YSW), pectoral muscle weights (PMW), liver and pectoral muscle glycogen concentration, serum glucose level, and hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase activity of domestic pigeons, hatched from eggs laid by a 40-wk-old breeder flock, were investigated. At 14.5 of incubation, fertile eggs were injected with 200 μL of 1.5% maltose (M) + 1.5% sucrose (S), 2.5% M + 2.5% S, 3.5% M + 3.5% S, or 4.5% M + 4.5% S in 0.75% saline, with controls not injected. Results showed that in ovo injection with 1.5% M + 1.5% S or 2.5% M + 2.5% S increased the hatchability compared with the control, whereas injection of 4.5% M + 4.5% S decreased the hatchability. The BW at hatch was quadratic, and BW was maximized by injecting 2.5% M + 2.5% S. The YSW at hatch decreased linearly by the injection with 3.5% M + 3.5% S compared with the control group. In ovo injection of 2.5% M + 2.5% S increased the PMW at hatch. There were no significant differences between any of the treatment groups for liver glycogen reserves. Serum glucose level at hatch was quadratic, and the glucose level was maximized between supplemental 2.5% M + 2.5% S and supplemental 3.5% M + 3.5% S. The pectoral muscle glycogen reserves increased quadratically as supplemental carbohydrates increased, and the response was maximized by injecting 2.5% M + 2.5% S. In conclusion, the present results demonstrate that the injected carbohydrates are available for use and storage. In ovo feeding of carbohydrates, especially at the level of 2.5% M + 2.5% S, on 14.5 d of incubation can improve the hatchability, BW, and PMW by elevating the pectoral muscle glycogen reserves in domestic pigeons at hatch. Results also suggested that in ovo injection of carbohydrates could increase the yolk sac nutrient utilization and hence might enhance the pigeon enteric development.

In ovo feeding of creatine pyruvate modulates growth performance, energy reserves and mRNA expression levels of gluconeogenesis and glycogenesis enzymes in liver of embryos and neonatal broilers

“…Therefore, the higher residual yolk sac may be beneficial to the development and growth of neonatal broilers in this study. However, another research revealed that IOF of carbohydrates decreased the yolk sac weight and increased the yolk sac nutrient utilization in domestic pigeons (Dong et al., ). Chen et al.…”

The Effects of In-Ovo Injection of Propolis on Egg Hatchability and Starter Live Performance of Japanese Quails

“…The results of different studies report both negative and positive effects of the in-ovo injection of substances on hatchability. Hatchability was increased by in-ovo injection with ascorbic acid (Ipek et al, 2004), L-arginine (Al-Daraji et al, 2012), and carbohydrates (Dong et al, 2013). However, hatchability was reduced by in-ovo injection with ascorbic acid (Sgavioli et al, 2015), organic trace minerals (Oliveira et al, 2015), glucose (Ebrahimnezhad et al, 2011), and glucose and magnesium (Salmanzadeh et al, 2012).…”

Effects of intra‐yolk‐sac injection of dextrose and albumin on performance, jejunum morphology, liver and pectoral muscle glycogen and some serum metabolites of broilers

“…Also, the current results showed that absolute BW at hatch, BW, FI and FCR at day 7 and 14 was not affected by any injection treatments ( p > .05), but numerally, as compared with the control, BW and FCR were improved by IYSI of albumin (Table ). A large amount of studies have reported that in ovo injection of different nutrients into different sites of eggs and at variable time of incubation, increases (Dong, Jiang, Wang, Wang, & Zou, ), decreases (Chamani et al., ; Moghaddam, Borji, & Komazani, ; Salmanzadeh, ) or does not have any significant effects (Eslami et al., ; Keralapurath, Corzo, Pulikanti, Zhai, & Peebles, ; Ohta, Tsushima, Koide, Kidd, & Ishibashi, ; Shafey et al., ; Zhai, Bennet et al., ); Zhai, Gerard et al., on hatch percentage. Therefore, the efficiency of in ovo injection on hatchability is still under discussion due to an open debate about the optimum site and time of injection and the appropriate nutrient and volume of injected solution.…”

“…Therefore, the efficiency of in ovo injection on hatchability is still under discussion due to an open debate about the optimum site and time of injection and the appropriate nutrient and volume of injected solution. In addition, hatch percentage numerally decreased by IYSI of dextrose which could be attributed to an overload bar of energy metabolism in broiler embryos by injecting high levels of carbohydrate that its adverse effects suggested that injection solution concentration must be limited to prohibit excessive energy metabolism of the embryo and further reduction in hatch percentage (Dong et al., ).…”

“…A large amount of studies have reported that in ovo injection of different nutrients into different sites of eggs and at variable time of incubation, increases (Dong, Jiang, Wang, Wang, & Zou, 2013), decreases (Chamani et al, 2012;Moghaddam, Borji, & Komazani, 2014;Salmanzadeh, 2012) bohydrate that its adverse effects suggested that injection solution concentration must be limited to prohibit excessive energy metabolism of the embryo and further reduction in hatch percentage (Dong et al, 2013).…”