Effects of immune cells and cytokines on inflammation and immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment

Li, Lihong; Yu, Rui; Cai, Tiange; Chen, Zhen; Lan, Meng; Zou, Tengteng; Wang, Bingyue; Wang, Qi; Zhao, Yiye; Cai, Yu

doi:10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106939

Cited by 206 publications

(143 citation statements)

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“…Different critical oncogenic processes contribute to changing the TME, such as angiogenesis, invasion/metastasis, drug resistance and chronic inflammation ( 1 ). Uncontrolled chronic inflammation has been shown to play a pivotal role in the onset and development of cancer via the up-regulation of growth factors, free radicals, prostaglandins and pro-inflammatory cytokines [interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18] ( 2 , 3 ). Tumor cells can also produce inflammatory mediators as well as fibroblasts, immune and endothelial cells ( 4 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prognostic Value of NLRP3 Inflammasome and TLR4 Expression in Breast Cancer Patients

et al. 2021

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Inflammasome complexes play a pivotal role in different cancer types. NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is one of the most well-studied inflammasomes. Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome induces abnormal secretion of soluble cytokines, generating advantageous inflammatory surroundings that support tumor growth. The expression levels of the NLRP3, PYCARD and TLR4 were determined by immunohistochemistry in a cohort of primary invasive breast carcinomas (BCs). We observed different NLRP3 and PYCARD expressions in non-tumor vs tumor areas (p<0.0001). All the proteins were associated to more aggressive clinicopathological characteristics (tumor size, grade, tumor proliferative activity etc.). Univariate analyses were carried out and related Kaplan-Meier curves plotted for NLRP3, PYCARD and TLR4 expression. Patients with higher NLRP3 and TLR4 expression had worse 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) compared to patients with lower NLRP3 and TLR4 expression (p =0.021 and p = 0.009, respectively). In multivariate analysis, TLR4 was confirmed as independent prognostic factors for DFS (HR = 2.03, 95% CI 1.16–3.57, p = 0.014), and high NLRP3 expression showed a slight association with DFS (HR = 1.75, 95% CI 0.98–3.15, p = 0.06). In conclusion, we showed TLR4 expression as independent prognostic factors and we highlighted for the first time that high expression of NLRP3 is linked to a poor prognosis in BC patients. These results suggest that NLRP3 and TLR4 could be two new good prognostic factor for BC patients.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prognostic Value of NLRP3 Inflammasome and TLR4 Expression in Breast Cancer Patients

et al. 2021

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“…Inflammation is a basic and important pathologic response of the body triggered by damage that can occur alone or accompany tumors ( 20 ). Carcinogenesis not only recruits WBCs to and around neoplasms but also causes tissue damage through physical and chemical mechanisms, leading to wide, nonspecific inflammatory responses and systemic inflammatory responses ( 21 ). Thus, changes the counts and component proportions of white blood cells (WBCs) are changed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Ratio of Preoperative Serum Biomarkers Predicts Prognosis in Patients With Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

et al. 2021

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BackgroundDynamic changes in circulating immune-inflammatory cells have been regarded as simple and convenient prognostic biomarkers in various cancers. However, studies on the prognostic values of their ratios in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) remain limited.Materials and MethodsA total of 493 OSCC patients were included in the present study. Here, we investigated the prognostic values of the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR), neutrophil-to-white blood cell ratio (NWR), and lymphocyte-to-white blood cell ratio (LWR) in OSCC. The correlations of the NLR, LMR, NWR, and LWR with clinicopathological characteristics were statistically analyzed using the Chi-square test, Kaplan-Meier curves, and univariate and multivariate Cox regression models.ResultKaplan-Meier analyses revealed that OSCC patients with a high LMR and low NWR had prolonged overall survival (OS, P<0.001) and disease-free survival (DFS, P<0.001 and P=0.003, respectively), but there were no significant differences in metastasis-free survival (MFS, P=0.053 and P=0.052, respectively). In contrary, a high NLR and low LWR were associated with poor OS (P<0.001 and P=0.0016, respectively), DFS (P=0.0014 and 0.0012, respectively) and MFS (P=0.021 and 0.008, respectively). Additionally, Cox multivariate analyses showed that the LMR was an independent prognostic factor for both OS (P=0.007) and DFS (P=0.017), while the LWR was an independent prognostic factor for MFS (P=0.009).ConclusionPreoperative NLR, LMR, NWR, and LWR in the peripheral blood are significant prognostic factors for OSCC and might be helpful in predicting OSCC progression.

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“…Although accumulating evidence has revealed that systemic inflammatory response (SIR) and the nutritional status of cancer patients are associated with clinical outcomes, the dynamic change of the pre-/post- some kinds of immune cells in the tumor microenvironment not only lose their antitumor functions but also enhance cancer cell proliferation by activating several critical intracellular signaling pathways such as NF-κB pathway (23). Simultaneously, these infiltrated inflammatory cells such as neutrophils and macrophages could secrete various kinds of cytokines which play important roles during different stages of carcinogenesis, including angiogenesis and invasion (24,25). A single-cell transcriptomic analysis by Yao et al has identified that ESCC was initiated and developed through an early suppression of the CD8+ response against the initial esophageal injury, resulting in the accumulation and activation of macrophages and neutrophils.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Nutrition and Inflammation-Related Nomogram to Predict Overall Survival in Surgically Resected Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (ESCC) Patients

Mei

Sun

et al. 2021

Nutrition and Cancer

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Pretreatment inflammation-based biomarkers and the prognostic nutrition index (PNI) have been used to evaluate prognosis in cancer patients. However, few studies have focused on the prognostic value of post-treatment inflammation-based biomarkers and PNI in ESCC patients. We aimed to investigate the values of pre/post-treatment inflammatory parameters and PNI for establishing a nomogram to predict overall survival (OS) in ESCC patients. A retrospective review was performed on 268 ESCC patients with esophagectomy. The prognostic values of inflammatory and nutrition indexes were evaluated. Based on the results of multivariable Cox analysis, a nomogram was developed. The predictive accuracy and discriminative ability of the nomogram were determined using the concordance-index (C-index) and a calibration curve and subsequently compared to tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging by C-index, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and decision curve analysis (DCA). PreSII, PostSII, PrePNI, N stage, and TNM classification were assembled into a nomogram. The C-index of the nomogram was 0.774, and the area under curve (AUC) of the nomogram was 0.862. DCA demonstrated that the established nomogram was a better predictive model compared to the TNM system. The developed nomogram with superior predictive ability provides more valuable prognostic information for patients and clinicians than TNM classification.

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Effects of immune cells and cytokines on inflammation and immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment

Cited by 206 publications

References 139 publications

Prognostic Value of NLRP3 Inflammasome and TLR4 Expression in Breast Cancer Patients

Prognostic Value of NLRP3 Inflammasome and TLR4 Expression in Breast Cancer Patients

The Ratio of Preoperative Serum Biomarkers Predicts Prognosis in Patients With Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

A Nutrition and Inflammation-Related Nomogram to Predict Overall Survival in Surgically Resected Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (ESCC) Patients

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