Effects of immersing dry seeds in alkaline solutions on seed dormancy and water uptake in wild oat (<i>Avena fatua</i>)

Hou, J. Q.; Simpson, G. M.

doi:10.4141/cjps94-005

Cited by 11 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Combinations of afterripening period, ethephon (2-chloroethylphosphonic acid), and KNO 3 induced over 90% germination of seeds that were dormant at maturity (Saini et al 1985). A 5.3 N potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution for 10 min released dormancy in three A. fatua genotypes (Hou and Simpson 1994). Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) in combination with GA 3 solutions were effective in releasing dormancy in intact or dehulled A. fatua seeds Quick 1984, 1985).…”

Section: Reproductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Biology of Canadian Weeds. 27.Avena fatuaL. (updated)

Beckie

FrancisArdath²,

HallLinda

2012

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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L. M. 2012. The Biology of Canadian Weeds. 27. Avena fatua L. (Updated). Can. J. Plant Sci. 92:1329Á1357. An updated review of biological information is provided for Avena fatua. A widespread species originating in Eurasia, A. fatua is one of the 10 worst annual weeds of temperate agricultural regions of the world. Key weediness traits of this highly selfing species include fecundity, seed shatter, and a large and persistent seed bank with variable degrees of primary seed dormancy. The species occurs in all Canadian provinces and most states in the USA. In Canada, it is most troublesome as a weed in the prairies, where it has spread throughout crop areas in all climatic zones. Depending upon plant density and relative time of emergence, A. fatua competition may reduce annual crop yields by as much as 70%. First cohort emergence of A. fatua coincides with planting and emergence of spring-seeded crops, although additional cohorts can emerge throughout the growing season. Avena fatua is more abundant in zerothan intensive-tillage systems; the former regime promotes earlier and greater emergence because of a shallower and less persistent seed bank. Despite the introduction of highly efficacious herbicides in the 1970s and 1980s, abundance of the species has not declined across the Canadian prairies or elsewhere. The continual evolution of herbicide-resistant A. fatua populations, seed spread via farm machinery, and limited herbicide modes of action for its control threaten sustained annual field crop production in many temperate agricultural areas. Further adoption and integration of multiple non-herbicidal weed management practices, such as enhanced crop seeding rate, competitive crops and cultivars, and precision fertilizer placement, should help mitigate A. fatua interference. The species has some beneficial uses as an alternative feed and food constituent or industrial feedstock, as well as potential in cultivated oat (Avena sativa L.) improvement. Key words: Avena fatua, wild oat, folle avoine, weed biology Beckie, H. J., Francis, A. et Hall, L. M. 2012. La biologie des mauvaises herbes au Canada. 27. Avena fatua L. (mise aj our). Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 1329Á1357. L'article propose une mise au point sur la biologie d'Avena fatua. Espe`ce d'Eurasie largement re´pandue, la folle avoine figure parmi les dix pires adventices annuelles dans les re´gions agricoles ac limat tempe´re´du monde.Les principaux caracte`res qui font de cette espe`ce autofe´conde´e une mauvaise herbe sont la fe´condite´, l'e´gre`nement et un important re´servoir de graines persistantes a`dormance primaire de degre´variable. La folle avoine existe dans toutes les provinces du Canada et dans la majorite´des É tats ame´ricains. Au Canada, elle s'ave`re particulie`rement proble´matique dans les Prairies, ou`elle a gagne´les re´gions cultive´es de toutes les zones climatiques. Selon la densite´du peuplement et le moment relatif ou`a lieu la leve´e, A. fatua peut re´duire le rendement des cultures annuelles de jusqu'a`70 %. La germination de la pre...

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Section: Reproductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Biology of Canadian Weeds. 27.Avena fatuaL. (updated)

Beckie

FrancisArdath²,

HallLinda

2012

Can. J. Plant Sci.

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“…It is further suggested that these changes may atso increase the uptake of nitrate or other solutes that have been shown to stimulate germination. In support of this hypothesis, the apparent similarity and interaction between the effects of after-ripening and seed coat piercing on nitrate-induced germination could be attributed to their similar capacity to promote water and nitrate uptake by the embryo, ltijurious effects on the seed coat, and a consequent increase in water uptake by the embryo, might also account for the reported induction of germitiation in dormant seeds of A. fatua and other species by various toxic substances, e,g, cyatiides (Hendricks and Taylorson 1972), sodium azide (Fay and Gorecki 1978), sodium hypochlorite (Hsiao 1979) and ethanol (Adkins et al, 1984a), Hsiao (1979 suggested that a modification of the seed coat may have caused the induction of gemiination of dormant A. fatua caryopses by sodium hypochlorite, while a recent study by Hou and Simpson (1994) provided evidence tliat an increase in the hydraulic conductivity of the seed coat might be at least partly responsible for the breakitig of domiancy in several strains of A. fatua when the dry caryopses were treated with concentrated solutions of sodium hydroxide. Clearly, however, further investigation involving a wide range of species, and including the measurements of effects on the water Physiol,Plant,97,19% content of the embryo (Mclntyre and Hsiao 1985), would be required to assess the general validity of this hypothesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The rationale for this approach was provided by previous evidence that, in this species, factors affecting water uptake by the embryo play a major role in determining the occurrence and degree of dormancy. In experiments with CS40', a genetic line of A. fatua with a relatively low degi'ee of dormancy (Naylor and Jana 1976), the rate of germination induced by piercing a hole in the upper (abaxial) surface of the imbibed caryopsis was inversely related to the distance of the hole from the embrj'O, and was increased by the application of water to the site of injury (Hsiao et al, 1983), Further investigations (Mclntyre and Hsiao 1985) showed that piercing the lower surface of the fully imbibed caryopsis raised the water content of the embryo to a higher plateau after 12 to 18 h. This initial response was followed, after a further 24 h, by a continuous increase in water uptake that was associated with root emergence, A similar pattern of response was induced by supplying water directly to embryos excised from imbibed caryopses. However, in contrast to the piercing response, the duration of the lag periods preceding the initial and subsequent increases in embryo water content were considerably reduced.…”

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confidence: 99%

Seed dormancy in Avena fatua: Interacting effects of nitrate, water and seed coat injury

McIntyre¹,

Cessna²,

Hsiao³

1996

Physiologia Plantarum

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1996, Seed dormancy in Avenafatua:Interacting effects of nitrate, water and seed coat injury -Physioi. Plant. 97;[291][292][293][294][295][296][297][298][299][300][301][302] In experiments conducted under controlled conditions, KNO, (50 or 100 mM) promoted sermination of a dormant strain (AN 474) of Avena fatua when either one or two hofes were pierced in the lower (adaxial) surface of the caryopsis in contact with the nitrate solution. Germination was increased by increasing either the KNO, concentration or the number of holes in the seed coat, fhe germination response induced by the application of water to a hole pierced in the upper surface of the caryopsis was increased by pre-treatment of the intact caryopsis with KNO,, Treatment with either 50 or 100 mM KNO3 caused a transient reduction in embryo water content of intact caryopses, but increased the nitrate and amino-N content of pierced carj'opses prior to germination. Supplying a 100 mM solution of KNO5 to pierced caryopses reduced the total water potential and osmotic potential of the embryo, and increased its pressure potential by the same amount as an equimolar solution of KCI; however, while both treatments promoted germination, Ihe KNO3 induced more rapid germination than the KGl. Both treatments also increased the K" content of the embrj-o, the KNO3 again having the greater effect. These results are consistent with the hypothesis, based on our previous investigations, that KNO3 promotes germination of donnant caryopses by accumulating in the embryo whene it acts osmotically to increase water uptake. It is also postulated that, in contrast to KCI, KNO, may combine an osmotic effect on water uptake with a nutritional effect on protein synthesis,

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“…are often manifested by the low and irregular germination, as observed in V. angustifolium, V. ashei, V. canadense, V. corymbosum, V. macrocarpon and V. oxycoccus [23]. In wild oat dormant seeds the use of KOH promoted significantly improvement on the germination [19]. Similarly seeds of Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The impermeability of the seed coat is a physical dormancy, which prevents the entry of water [16] and can be caused by the presence of substances such as suberin, lignin, cutin, tannins, pectins, as well as derivates of quinine [17]. Chemical studies indicate that the cuticle and pigment chains, present in the seed coat, are composed by insoluble polymeric materials, which can be depolymerized by alkaline hydrolysis [18] with KOH or NaOH [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavior and Viability of Blueberry Seeds through Germination and Tetrazolium Test

Pasqualini¹,

Santos²,

Ayub³

2016

ABB

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Knowing the physiology of seeds and the elements that influence their germination is fundamental aspects in seminiferous propagation; important techniques are used to obtain genetic variability and development of new cultivars of blueberry. The aim of this study is to evaluate the germination behavior, as well as viability levels, through germination tests and tetrazolium, of Vaccinium ashei Reade seed cultivars Briteblue and Climax. Seeds treated or not with 5 M potassium hydroxide (KOH) were submitted to the germination test, on substrates, filter paper (SP) or solid culture medium with half of the salt concentration (MS/2), at temperatures of 10˚C ± 2˚C or 25˚C ± 2˚C. The maximum germination percentage of blueberry seeds was 40%. Both temperatures and substrates caused seed germination in the tested cultivars, and pretreatment with 5 M KOH for 5 minutes inhibited germination. Yet, the tetrazolium test, based on coloration of tissue, allowed the establishment of different levels of viability.

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Effects of immersing dry seeds in alkaline solutions on seed dormancy and water uptake in wild oat (Avena fatua)

Abstract: (Munay et al. 1980). Whether dormant wild oat seeds will respond to the alkaline solutions is unknown, to the best of our knowledge.

Cited by 11 publications

References 2 publications

The Biology of Canadian Weeds. 27.Avena fatuaL. (updated)

The Biology of Canadian Weeds. 27.Avena fatuaL. (updated)

Seed dormancy in Avena fatua: Interacting effects of nitrate, water and seed coat injury

Behavior and Viability of Blueberry Seeds through Germination and Tetrazolium Test

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