Effects of iloprost and piracetam in spinal cord ischemia–reperfusion injury in the rabbit

Abstract

Methods: A total of 24 rabbits were divided into four groups of six rabbits each, as follows: group 1 (n ¼ 6) sham, laparotomy only; group 2 (n ¼ 6) I/R; group 3 (n ¼ 6) I/R þ iloprost; and group 4 (n ¼ 6) I/R þ piracetam. I/R was established in groups 2, 3 and 4. Subsequently, they were followed up neurologically for 24 h until the rabbits were killed; biochemical and histopathological examinations of samples from the spinal cord were carried out. Results: Neurological examination results were significantly better in the iloprost and piracetam groups compared with the I/R group (Po0.05). Neuroprotection was achieved with iloprost and piracetam by suppressing malondialdehyde (Po0.05), increasing glutathione peroxidase activity (Po0.05) and decreasing the xanthine oxidase level. In histopathological assessment, iloprost and piracetam groups were statistically different from the I/R group in terms of the number of apoptotic neurons in gray matter and white matter, as well as in terms of degenerated neurons and glial cells (Po0.05). No statistical difference was determined between the four groups in the number of degenerated glial cells (P40.05). Conclusion: This study has shown that iloprost and piracetam have neuroprotective effects in I/R injury both neurologically and histopathologically because of inhibition of lipid peroxidation.

Efficacy of iloprost and montelukast combination on spinal cord ischemia/reperfusion injury in a rat model

“…Iloprost, a stable prostacyclin analog that contributes to inhibition of platelet aggregation, vasodilatation and cytoprotection, has been considered as a neuronal cell saver and used in some experimental studies [14,15]. Montelukast, is a selective cysteinyl leukotriene (CysLT1) receptor antagonist.…”

The Effect of the Repression of Oxidative Stress on Tenocyte Differentiation: A Preliminary Study of a Rat Cell Model Using a Novel Differential Tensile Strain Bioreactor

“…Piracetam is a nootropic medication widely used to treat cognitive impairment [19]. While the exact mechanism of its therapeutic effect remains unknown, piracetam has been demonstrated by in vitro and in vivo animal studies to be able to attenuate oxidative stress and inflammation [17,18,22,23,24]. The drug ameliorates ischemia‒reperfusion injury in various types of cells [23,24,25].…”

Oxidative Stress in a Model of Toxic Demyelination in Rat Brain: The Effect of Piracetam and Vinpocetine

“…The mode of action of piracetam is, however, not obvious and such mechanisms as increased membrane fluidity, improved erythrocyte deformability, normalization of hyperactive platelet aggregation, mitochondrial membrane stabilization and protection has been suggested to account for its effect on memory [51][52][53]. In spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury in the rabbit, piracetam has been reported to suppress malondialdehyde, increase glutathione peroxidase activity and decrease xanthine oxidase level [25], thereby suggesting an antioxidant effect for the drug.…”

“…Thus, although these two drugs designated as nootropics or memory enhancing agents, a term introduced by Griuga [23] are primarily used in the treatment of memory disorders in man especially that occurring as a apart of normal aging or due to some pathological processes e.g., Alzheimer's disease, there are data to suggest a neuroprotective [24,25] and possible antioxidant properties [21,22,25,26] for both of them. Whether these drugs would have a place in treatment of brain demyelination is not known.…”