Effects of Ibuprofen Use on Lymphocyte Count and Oxidative Stress in Elite Paralympic Powerlifting

Abstract

Background: Paralympic Powerlifting (PP) training tends to promote fatigue and oxidative stress. Objective: To analyze the effects of ibuprofen use on performance and oxidative stress in post-training PP athletes. Methodology: Ten national level PP athletes (age: 27.13 ± 5.57) were analyzed for oxidative stress in post-training. The study was carried out in three weeks, (1) familiarization and (2 and 3) evaluated the recovery with the use of a placebo (PLA) and ibuprofen (IBU), 800 mg. The Peak Torque (PT), Torque Development Rate (TDR), Fatigue Index (FI), reactive substances to thiobarbituric acid (TBARS) and sulfhydryl groups (SH) were evaluated. The training consisted of five sets of five repetitions (80–90%) 1-Repetition Maximum (1-RM) in the bench press. Results: The IBU showed a higher PT (24 and 48 h, p = 0.04, ɳ2 p = 0.39), a lower FI (24 h, p = 0.01, ɳ2p = 0.74) and an increased lymphocyte count (p < 0.001; ɳ2p = 4.36). There was no change in oxidative stress. Conclusions: The use of IBU provided improvements in strength and did not protect against oxidative stress.

Evaluation of Ibuprofen Use on the Immune System Indicators and Force in Disabled Paralympic Powerlifters of Different Sport Levels

“…On the other hand, the possible change in joint kinematics may interfere with greater or lesser fatigue in strength training work [ 31 ]. However, any changes in supplementation [ 3 , 12 ] or even in training devices, with a change in the movement pattern, can cause increased fatigue [ 32 ]. The same occurred with magnesium supplementation on muscle soreness and performance.…”

“…Blood cell counts were evaluated on a five-part differential hematology analyzer (Beckman Coulter AcT 5 diff AL Hematology Analyzer, Brea, CA, USA). The analyzer utilizes sequential dilution and dual focus flow fluid dynamics technology employing the Coulter Principle of impedance [ 1 , 12 ]. The red blood cell count (erythrocytes), hematocrit, hemoglobin level, and white blood cells count (leukocytes) together with the subpopulation percentage were taken for further evaluation.…”

“…In the same direction, strength training can inhibit the regeneration of muscle myofibers, the activation of satellite cells, and hypertrophy as a result of training [ 7 , 8 , 9 ]. There is no consensus on the best form of recovery [ 6 , 10 , 11 ], especially immersion in cold water and the use of non-steroidal drugs [ 12 , 13 ]. In this sense, the use of ibuprofen (IBU) has been practiced due to its ease of acquisition when compared to other methods and the good results it yields concerning performance in high-intensity activities [ 1 , 12 ].…”

“…There is no consensus on the best form of recovery [ 6 , 10 , 11 ], especially immersion in cold water and the use of non-steroidal drugs [ 12 , 13 ]. In this sense, the use of ibuprofen (IBU) has been practiced due to its ease of acquisition when compared to other methods and the good results it yields concerning performance in high-intensity activities [ 1 , 12 ]. Thus, the hypothesis presented was that the use of ibuprofen—in the post-training and recovery phase—tends to positively impact performance and immunity.…”

Force–velocity relationship in Paralympic powerlifting: two or multiple-point methods to determine a maximum repetition

“…Weight was then added until the maximum load was attained. If the participant overestimated the initial load, 2.5% of the load was subtracted before a new attempt [ 42 ]. A rest of 3.0 to 5.0 min was provided between trials, according to the participants' perception of recovery [ 42 – 44 ].…”