Effects of<i>Streptococcus sanguinis</i>Bacteriocin on Deformation, Adhesion Ability, and Young’s Modulus of<i>Candida albicans</i>

Ma, Shengli; Ge, Wenyu; Yan, Yifan; Xu, Huibin; Ma, Lang; Li, Chunmei; Yu, Shuyang; Chen, Chunxiao

doi:10.1155/2017/5291486

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Despite the sizeable number of prior AFM studies that use C. albicans cells, there are only a few studies that specifically focus on hyphal cells (25,28,(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42). In these studies, hyphae were grown from a culture for several hours and then immobilized on a substrate using either chemical fixation or hydrophobic coatings, and measurements were performed at room temperature either in buffered medium or under dry conditions.…”

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confidence: 99%

In Situ Imaging of Candida albicans Hyphal Growth via Atomic Force Microscopy

Çolak

Ikeh

Nobile

et al. 2020

mSphere

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Candida albicans is an opportunistic fungal pathogen of humans known for its ability to cause a wide range of infections. One major virulence factor of C. albicans is its ability to form hyphae that can invade host tissues and cause disseminated infections. Here, we introduce a method based on atomic force microscopy to investigate C. albicans hyphae in situ on silicone elastomer substrates, focusing on the effects of temperature and antifungal drugs. Hyphal growth rates differ significantly for measurements performed at different physiologically relevant temperatures. Furthermore, it is found that fluconazole is more effective than caspofungin in suppressing hyphal growth. We also investigate the effects of antifungal drugs on the mechanical properties of hyphal cells. An increase in Young’s modulus and a decrease in adhesion force are observed in hyphal cells subjected to caspofungin treatment. Young’s moduli are not significantly affected following treatment with fluconazole; the adhesion force, however, increases. Overall, our results provide a direct means of observing the effects of environmental factors and antifungal drugs on C. albicans hyphal growth and mechanics with high spatial resolution. IMPORTANCE Candida albicans is one of the most common pathogens of humans. One important virulence factor of C. albicans is its ability to form elongated hyphae that can invade host tissues and cause disseminated infections. Here, we show the effect of different physiologically relevant temperatures and common antifungal drugs on the growth and mechanical properties of C. albicans hyphae using atomic force microscopy. We demonstrate that minor temperature fluctuations within the normal range can have profound effects on hyphal cell growth and that different antifungal drugs impact hyphal cell stiffness and adhesion in different ways.

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confidence: 99%

In Situ Imaging of Candida albicans Hyphal Growth via Atomic Force Microscopy

Çolak

Ikeh

Nobile

et al. 2020

mSphere

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“…Yeast cell rigidity is strongly associated with yeast cellular structure [ 47 ], which can be modified in response to external stress [ 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 ]. C. albicans cells have been reported to increase their cell rigidity in response to various factors, such as the alteration of the nutrient medium [ 53 , 54 ], exposure to ethanol [ 48 ], a compromised or removed mannan layer in the cell wall [ 47 ], or the echinocandins-induced inhibition of β-1,3-glucan synthase, an enzyme involved in cell wall synthesis [ 53 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Architecture Influences the Rigidity of Candida albicans Cells

Nguyên

Aburto‐Medina

et al. 2022

Nanomaterials

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Atomic force microscopy (AFM) was used to investigate the morphology and rigidity of the opportunistic pathogenic yeast, Candida albicans ATCC 10231, during its attachment to surfaces of three levels of nanoscale surface roughness. Non-polished titanium (npTi), polished titanium (pTi), and glass with respective average surface roughness (Sa) values of 389 nm, 14 nm, and 2 nm, kurtosis (Skur) values of 4, 16, and 4, and skewness (Sskw) values of 1, 4, and 1 were used as representative examples of each type of nanoarchitecture. Thus, npTi and glass surfaces exhibited similar Sskw and Skur values but highly disparate Sa. C. albicans cells that had attached to the pTi surfaces exhibited a twofold increase in rigidity of 364 kPa compared to those yeast cells attached to the surfaces of npTi (164 kPa) and glass (185 kPa). The increased rigidity of the C. albicans cells on pTi was accompanied by a distinct round morphology, condensed F-actin distribution, lack of cortical actin patches, and the negligible production of cell-associated polymeric substances; however, an elevated production of loose extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) was observed. The differences in the physical response of C. albicans cells attached to the three surfaces suggested that the surface nanoarchitecture (characterized by skewness and kurtosis), rather than average surface roughness, could directly influence the rigidity of the C. albicans cells. This work contributes to the next-generation design of antifungal surfaces by exploiting surface architecture to control the extent of biofilm formation undertaken by yeast pathogens and highlights the importance of performing a detailed surface roughness characterization in order to identify and discriminate between the surface characteristics that may influence the extent of cell attachment and the subsequent behavior of the attached cells.

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“…Notably, the authors detected that bacteria-induced nanoscale changes in the roughness of the fungal LG-8 surface played a role in assisting the adhesion process [ 114 ]. Another study was carried out by Ma et al and showed the effects of bacteriocins released by Streptococcus sanguinis on the mechanical properties of C. albicans [ 115 ]. S. sanguinis is a well-known dominant bacteria in healthy human oral cavity, reported to help to exert an antagonistic effect on C. albicans, thus protecting the oral cavity against fungal-induced disbalance of microbiota.…”

Section: Afm-based Investigation As a Novel Approach To Fight Withmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Analogical observation was noted for adhesion ability, which deceased after treatment with bacteriocins. All of the measurements were performed with tapping mode [ 115 ].…”

Section: Afm-based Investigation As a Novel Approach To Fight Withmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physics Comes to the Aid of Medicine—Clinically-Relevant Microorganisms through the Eyes of Atomic Force Microscope

et al. 2020

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Despite the hope that was raised with the implementation of antibiotics to the treatment of infections in medical practice, the initial enthusiasm has substantially faded due to increasing drug resistance in pathogenic microorganisms. Therefore, there is a need for novel analytical and diagnostic methods in order to extend our knowledge regarding the mode of action of the conventional and novel antimicrobial agents from a perspective of single microbial cells as well as their communities growing in infected sites, i.e., biofilms. In recent years, atomic force microscopy (AFM) has been mostly used to study different aspects of the pathophysiology of noninfectious conditions with attempts to characterize morphological and rheological properties of tissues, individual mammalian cells as well as their organelles and extracellular matrix, and cells’ mechanical changes upon exposure to different stimuli. At the same time, an ever-growing number of studies have demonstrated AFM as a valuable approach in studying microorganisms in regard to changes in their morphology and nanomechanical properties, e.g., stiffness in response to antimicrobial treatment or interaction with a substrate as well as the mechanisms behind their virulence. This review summarizes recent developments and the authors’ point of view on AFM-based evaluation of microorganisms’ response to applied antimicrobial treatment within a group of selected bacteria, fungi, and viruses. The AFM potential in development of modern diagnostic and therapeutic methods for combating of infections caused by drug-resistant bacterial strains is also discussed.

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Effects ofStreptococcus sanguinisBacteriocin on Deformation, Adhesion Ability, and Young’s Modulus ofCandida albicans

Cited by 17 publications

References 27 publications

In Situ Imaging of Candida albicans Hyphal Growth via Atomic Force Microscopy

In Situ Imaging of Candida albicans Hyphal Growth via Atomic Force Microscopy

Surface Architecture Influences the Rigidity of Candida albicans Cells

Physics Comes to the Aid of Medicine—Clinically-Relevant Microorganisms through the Eyes of Atomic Force Microscope

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