Effects of Piper sarmentosum extract on the growth performance, antioxidant capability and immune response in weaned piglets

Abstract

The biological properties of Piper sarmentosum render it a potential substitute for antibiotics in livestock feed. This study evaluated the effects of P. sarmentosum extract (PSE) on the growth performance, antioxidant capability and immune response of weaned piglets. Eighty 21-d-old weaned piglets were selected and randomly allocated to one of four dietary treatments with five replicates of four pigs each. The dietary treatments consisted of a basal diet supplemented with 0 (T0), 50 (T50), 100 (T100) or 200 (T200) mg/kg PSE. The feeding trial lasted 4 weeks. The results revealed that the T50 group had the highest average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake (ADFI) throughout the feeding trial (p < 0.05). Additionally, the T50 group had higher (p < 0.05) serum glutathione peroxidase activity (GSH-Px) and lower (p < 0.05) serum malondialdehyde (MDA) levels than the T0 group at 4 weeks post-weaning (p < 0.05). Serum levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) decreased, while serum levels of interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) increased by PSE supplementation at 4 weeks post-weaning (p < 0.05). PSE supplementation upregulated the mRNA expression of IL-4, IL-10 and TGF-β and downregulated the mRNA expression of TNF-α, IL-1β and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the ileal mucosal layer of piglets (p < 0.05). In summary, our study findings revealed that PSE supplementation improved the antioxidant capability, and reduced inflammation, which may be beneficial to weaned piglet health.

Effects of Piper sarmentosum extract supplementation on growth performances and rumen fermentation and microflora characteristics in goats

“…The ADG was higher, and F/G was lower in goats fed with the addition of PSE at 300 mg/kg ( p < .05) compared with goats fed with no addition of PSE. The results showed that the higher addition of PSE in the diet was not always associated with a higher feed intake and the lower F/G, similar to the finding of Wang et al (), where piglets supplemented with 50 mg/kg PSE had the highest ADG and feed intake, though this was possibly due to the flavour and palatability of PSE. The beneficial effects of PSE on goat growth performance may be attributed to its anti‐inflammatory activities.…”

“…Zakaria, Patahuddin, Mohamad, Israf, and Sulaiman () reported that the aqueous extract of P. sarmentosum has anti‐inflammatory activities in a dose‐dependent manner. Wang et al () also found that PSE could reduce the intestinal inflammation of piglets. Reducing intestinal inflammation would improve the absorption of nutrients in the intestines, which could enhance the growth performance in goats.…”

“…The sample was oven-dried at 60°C for 24 hr and pulverized by a plant grinder. The crushed sample was extracted using supercritical carbon dioxide methods at optimum pressure (25 MPa) and temperature (55°C) for 1.5 hr (Wang et al, 2017). Under these conditions, the extraction rate of PSE was 4.20% and this extract was freeze-dried and mixed with zeolite powder at a ratio of 1:1 and then stored in dark bottles at 4°C.…”

“…An example is Piper sarmentosum, a herbal plant which is widely distributed in the tropical and subtropical region of the world and contains several bioactive compounds, such as alkaloids, amides, pyrones, dihydrochalcones, flavonoids, phenylpropanoids, lignans and neolignans (Parmar et al, 1997). Previous in vitro and in vivo studies indicated that P. sarmentosum extract (PSE) possesses antibacterial (Fernandez, Daruliza, Sudhakaran, & Jegathambigai, 2012), anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities (Wang et al, 2017). Using P. Sarmentosum leaf powder in the diet has been reported to improve total feed intake and dry matter digestibility in cattle (Cherdthong et al, 2019).…”

Effects of dietary Macleaya cordata extract on growth performance, immune responses, antioxidant capacity, and intestinal development in weaned piglets

“…Previous studies have shown that such oxidative stress problems can be alleviated by supplementation with herbal plant (e.g. alfalfa saponin and piper sarmentosum) (Shi et al 2014;Wang et al 2016). Sanguinarine may have exerted its anti-oxidative function by impairing the activity of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) enzyme, which is supported by a study by Qin et al (2006), which demonstrated that sanguinarine is an enzyme inhibitor rather than an reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger.…”