Effects of Hydroxytyrosol against Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells: A Natural Therapeutic Tool for Bovine Mastitis

Abstract

Background: Bovine mastitis is a growing health problem, affecting both welfare of dairy cattle and milk production. It often leads to chronic infections, disturbing the quality of milk and resulting in cow death. Thus, it has a great economic impact for breeders. Methods: In this study, we evaluated the protective effect of hydroxytyrosol—a natural molecule which is the major constituent of many phyto-complexes—in an in vitro model of mastitis induced by LPS (1μg/mL). Results: Our results showed that hydroxytyrosol (10 and 25 μM) was able to prevent the oxidative stress induced by LPS (intracellular ROS, GSH and NOX-1) and the consequently inflammatory response (TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6). The protective effect of hydroxytyrosol is also related to the enhancement of endogenous antioxidant systems (Nrf2, HO-1, NQO-1 and Txnrd1). Moreover, hydroxytyrosol showed an important protective effect on cell functionality (α-casein S1, α-casein S2 and β-casein). Conclusions: Taken together, our results showed a significant protective effect of hydroxytyrosol on oxidative stress and inflammatory response in MAC-T cells. Thus, we indicated a possible important therapeutic role for hydroxytyrosol in the prevention or management of bovine mastitis.

Protective Effect of Hydroxytyrosol on LPS-Induced Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Bovine Endometrial Epithelial Cell Line

“…HT is a natural phenolic alcohol with a strong antioxidant activity and has been shown to exert a wide range of biological effects, such as cardioprotective, neuroprotective, and anti-inflammatory effects [ 48 ]. Recent evidence has shown the protective effect of HT in bovine mammary epithelial cells, modulating the inflammatory response and reducing the oxidative stress induced by LPS [ 49 , 50 ]. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective effect of HT on bovine endometrial epithelial cell line (BEND) stimulated with LPS 1 μg/mL.…”

Inhibition of Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammatory and Oxidative Responses by Trans-cinnamaldehyde in C2C12 Myoblasts

“…LPS can induce and accelerate oxidative stress along with the inflammatory cascade. In this respect, accumulated evidences established that LPS-induced inflammation and oxidative stress is closely related to several pathological conditions including endometritis, periodontitis and mastitis [12][13][14]. Upon the LPS stimulation of muscle cells, the production of ROS is increased, contributing to the manifestation of inflammation, and overproduced inflammatory factors may promote excessive ROS production [4,15].…”

Hidrox® Roles in Neuroprotection: Biochemical Links between Traumatic Brain Injury and Alzheimer’s Disease

“…In particular, the role of Nrf2 in the defense against TBI-induced neuroinflammation is of particular interest [57][58][59][60]. Many pieces of evidence confirm the role of the Nrf2 pathway in modulating both oxidative stress and inflammation [61][62][63][64][65][66][67]. Hidrox ® is known to influence the promotion of the transcription of genes downstream of Nrf2 activation [41].…”