Effects of hydrothermal carbonization conditions on the textural and electrical properties of activated carbons

Lee, Kian Keat; Björkman, Eva; Morin, Daniel; Lilliestråle, Malte; Björefors, Fredrik; Andersson, Anna; Hedin, Niklas

doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2016.06.040

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…On the other hand, the template‐based hydrothermal treatment method may provide a tuneable and uniformly ordered pore structure by soft and hard‐templating techniques [87] . Lee et al [88] . investigated the characteristics of biomass carbon precursors and hydrothermal conditions utilized to manufacture them.…”

Section: Preparation Methods Of Biomass‐derived Cacsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[86] On the other hand, the template-based hydrothermal treatment method may provide a tuneable and uniformly ordered pore structure by soft and hard-templating techniques. [87] Lee et al [88] investigated the characteristics of biomass carbon precursors and hydrothermal conditions utilized to manufacture them. The findings indicated the textural characteristics of activated carbon were not significantly affected by hydrothermal temperature (180 °C and 240 °C).…”

Section: Hydrothermal Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biomass‐Derived Catalytically Active Carbon Materials for the Air Electrode of Zn‐Air Batteries

Zhou,

Wu,

Liu

et al. 2024

ChemSusChem

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Given the growing environmental and energy problems, developing clean, renewable electrochemical energy storage devices is of great interest. Zn–air batteries (ZABs) have broad prospects in energy storage because of their high specific capacity and environmental friendliness. The reason that hinders the large‐scale application of ZABs is the lack of cheap air materials and efficient and stable catalysts to catalyze air electrodes. Due to the abundant biomass resources, self‐doped heteroatoms, and unique pore structure, biomass‐derived catalytically active carbon materials (CACs) have great potential to prepare carbon‐based catalysts and porous electrodes with excellent performance for ZABs. This paper reviews the research progress of biomass‐derived CACs applied to ZABs air electrodes. Specifically, the principle of ZABs and the source and preparation method of biomass‐derived CACs are introduced. To efficiently prepare biomass‐based oxygen electrocatalysts, heteroatom doping and transition metal modification were introduced to improve the efficiency and stability of carbon materials. Finally, the effects of electron transfer number and H2O2 yield in ORR on the performance of ZABs were evaluated. This review aims to deepen the understanding of the advantages and challenges of s in the air electrodes of ZABs, promote more comprehensive research on biomass resources, and accelerate the commercial application of ZABs.

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Section: Preparation Methods Of Biomass‐derived Cacsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hydrothermal Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomass‐Derived Catalytically Active Carbon Materials for the Air Electrode of Zn‐Air Batteries

Zhou,

Wu,

Liu

et al. 2024

ChemSusChem

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“…[ 44 , 276 ] Similar to pyrolysis, the main controllable parameters of HTC can be summarized as biomass precursors, temperature, residence time, and doping. [ 277 ] Thus, the physical and chemical interactions between reagents and solvents facilitate the final formation of the desired CAC material from the treated biomass after modulating the hydrothermal conditions related to the reaction rate and time. [ 278 ] It also means that the structure, composition, and morphology of the biomass‐derived CAC can be precisely regulated by changing the reaction conditions.…”

Section: Synthesis Methods Of Biomass‐derived Catalytically Active Ca...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytically Active Carbon for Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Energy Conversion: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives

Liu,

Wang,

Liu

et al. 2024

Advanced Science

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The shortage and unevenness of fossil energy sources are affecting the development and progress of human civilization. The technology of efficiently converting material resources into energy for utilization and storage is attracting the attention of researchers. Environmentally friendly biomass materials are a treasure to drive the development of new‐generation energy sources. Electrochemical theory is used to efficiently convert the chemical energy of chemical substances into electrical energy. In recent years, significant progress has been made in the development of green and economical electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Although many reviews have been reported around the application of biomass‐derived catalytically active carbon (CAC) catalysts in ORR, these reviews have only selected a single/partial topic (including synthesis and preparation of catalysts from different sources, structural optimization, or performance enhancement methods based on CAC catalysts, and application of biomass‐derived CACs) for discussion. There is no review that systematically addresses the latest progress in the synthesis, performance enhancement, and applications related to biomass‐derived CAC‐based oxygen reduction electrocatalysts synchronously. This review fills the gap by providing a timely and comprehensive review and summary from the following sections: the exposition of the basic catalytic principles of ORR, the summary of the chemical composition and structural properties of various types of biomass, the analysis of traditional and the latest popular biomass‐derived CAC synthesis methods and optimization strategies, and the summary of the practical applications of biomass‐derived CAC‐based oxidative reduction electrocatalysts. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the latest advances to provide research directions and design ideas for the development of catalyst synthesis/optimization and contributes to the industrialization of biomass‐derived CAC electrocatalysis and electric energy storage.

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“…Activated carbon can be produced from both types of chars by, e.g., physical activation with CO 2 or chemical activation with H 3 PO 4 [12] or KOH [13]. Studies have been performed to activate hydrochars into activated carbons with large specific surface areas [14,15] and high pore volumes [16,17]. CO 2 activation has benefits over KOH activation when it comes to cost, and the potential toxicity and other risks of KOH [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Activated Carbons Produced from Hydrothermally Carbonized Prickly Pear Seed Waste

et al. 2022

Self Cite

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The agro-sector generates organic waste of various kinds, which potentially could be used to prepare functional materials, lessen environmental problems, and enhance circularity. In this context, the hypothesis that was put forward in this work is that prickly pear seed waste from the Tunisian agro-food industry could be used to prepare activated carbons. The prickly pear seed waste was first hydrothermally carbonized and the resulting hydrochar was activated in CO2 at 800 °C. The yield of the hydrothermal carbonization process is of importance, and it was the highest at intermediate dwell times and temperatures, which was ascribed to the re-precipitation of hydrochar particles on the heat-treated biomass. The hydrochars and activated carbons were characterized with scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetry, Raman spectroscopy, and N2 and CO2 adsorption/desorption analyses. The activated carbons had micro- (<2 nm) and mesopores (2–50 nm), and specific surface areas and total pore volumes of about 400 m2 −1 and 0.21 cm3 g−1. The study showed that the prickly pear seed waste could be effectively transformed into both hydrochars and activated carbons and that is advisable to optimize the hydrothermal process for the mass yield. A life cycle analysis was performed to assess the environmental impact of the production of typical activated carbons using the approach of this study. Further studies could be focused on enhancing the properties of the activated carbons by further optimization of the activation process.

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Effects of hydrothermal carbonization conditions on the textural and electrical properties of activated carbons

Cited by 16 publications

References 9 publications

Biomass‐Derived Catalytically Active Carbon Materials for the Air Electrode of Zn‐Air Batteries

Biomass‐Derived Catalytically Active Carbon Materials for the Air Electrode of Zn‐Air Batteries

Catalytically Active Carbon for Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Energy Conversion: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives

Activated Carbons Produced from Hydrothermally Carbonized Prickly Pear Seed Waste

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