Effects of hydrostatic pressure on microbial alteration of sinking fecal pellets

Tamburini, Christian; Goutx, Madeleine; Guigue, Catherine; Garel, Marc; Lefèvre, D.; Charrìère, Bruno; Sempéré, Richard; Pepa, Stephane; Peterson, Michael; Wakeham, Stuart G.; Lee, Cindy

doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.12.035

Cited by 69 publications

(101 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…This contradicts the general belief that colonization is the main mechanism determining the attached microbial community at greater depths (43,48). It is, however, possible that other regulating factors, such as quorum sensing (49), viral infection (50), hydrostatic pressure changes (51)(52)(53), and temperature changes (54), had important influences on the outcome of the internal competition between the microbial groups attached to the aggregates, and it will be interesting to use the present method to address those questions.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 48%

Colonization in the Photic Zone and Subsequent Changes during Sinking Determine Bacterial Community Composition in Marine Snow

Thiele

Fuchs

Amann

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Due to sampling difficulties, little is known about microbial communities associated with sinking marine snow in the twilight zone. A drifting sediment trap was equipped with a viscous cryogel and deployed to collect intact marine snow from depths of 100 and 400 m off Cape Blanc (Mauritania). Marine snow aggregates were fixed and washed in situ to prevent changes in microbial community composition and to enable subsequent analysis using catalyzed reporter deposition fluorescence in situ hybridization (CARD-FISH). The attached microbial communities collected at 100 m were similar to the free-living community at the depth of the fluorescence maximum (20 m) but different from those at other depths (150, 400, 550, and 700 m). Therefore, the attached microbial community seemed to be "inherited" from that at the fluorescence maximum. The attached microbial community structure at 400 m differed from that of the attached community at 100 m and from that of any free-living community at the tested depths, except that collected near the sediment at 700 m. The differences between the particle-associated communities at 400 m and 100 m appeared to be due to internal changes in the attached microbial community rather than de novo colonization, detachment, or grazing during the sinking of marine snow. The new sampling method presented here will facilitate future investigations into the mechanisms that shape the bacterial community within sinking marine snow, leading to better understanding of the mechanisms which regulate biogeochemical cycling of settling organic matter.T he formation of macroscopic organic aggregates such as marine snow is an important process for the removal of photosynthetically fixed carbon from the surface ocean to the deep sea (1). The export of organic matter is the main driver for the oceanic sequestering of atmospheric carbon dioxide on long time scales (2).Settling marine snow aggregates harbor diverse microbial communities that play an important role in the degradation of the organic compounds and release of dissolved nutrients and organic matter to the water column (3-5). Therefore, the attached microbial communities may play an important role in the regulation of the magnitude and efficiency of the biological carbon pump. However, little is known about bacterial community composition and dynamics within marine snow collected below the depths reached by scuba divers. This is because the fragile nature of marine snow makes the collection of individual, intact marine snow particles nearly impossible.Previous investigations have relied on size fractionation of water samples to observe and compare clustering of free-living bacteria to that of bacteria associated with particles (5-8). These studies observed that the composition of the microbial communities associated with particles differed from that of free-living communities in the surrounding water column. However, other studies have found similarities between the free-living and attached microbial communities (9-11), potentially indicating methodolo...

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 48%

Colonization in the Photic Zone and Subsequent Changes during Sinking Determine Bacterial Community Composition in Marine Snow

Thiele

Fuchs

Amann

et al. 2015

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…pressure equivalent to 4000 m reduces the abundance, cell size, and activity for some strains, while others seem to have physiological pressure adaptations (Grossart and Gust, 2009;Tamburini et al, 2009;Nagata et al, 2010). Such adaptations might explain observations of living, active, surface-adapted, particle-associated bacteria at 6000 m depth (Eloe et al, 2011).…”

Section: H Iversen and H Ploug: Temperature Effects On Respiratimentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature effects on carbon-specific respiration rate and sinking velocity of diatom aggregates – potential implications for deep ocean export processes

2013

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Abstract. Most deep ocean carbon flux profiles show low and almost constant fluxes of particulate organic carbon (POC) in the deep ocean. However, the reason for the non-changing POC fluxes at depths is unknown. This study presents direct measurements of formation, degradation, and sinking velocity of diatom aggregates from laboratory studies performed at 15 °C and 4 °C during a three-week experiment. The average carbon-specific respiration rate during the experiment was 0.12 ± 0.03 at 15 °C, and decreased 3.5-fold when the temperature was lowered to 4 °C. No direct influence of temperature on aggregate sinking speed was observed. Using the remineralisation rate measured at 4 °C and an average particle sinking speed of 150 m d−1, calculated carbon fluxes were similar to those collected in deep ocean sediment traps from a global data set, indicating that temperature plays a major role for deep ocean fluxes of POC.

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“…The recent development of a PArticles Sinking Simulator (PASS) allowed Tamburini et al (2009) to perform experiments at increasing hydrostatic pressure on both diatom detritus derived from an axenic culture (Tamburini et al, 2006) and freshly collected fecal pellets incubated with natural microbial assemblages. Increasing experimental pressure simulated the sinking of particles through the water column and demonstrated a pressure effect on aminopeptidase activity, silicic acid regeneration, and degradation of organic matter, rather than on the prokaryotic community structure.…”

Section: Development Of Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mesopelagic zone ecology and biogeochemistry – a synthesis

Robinson¹,

Steinberg²,

Anderson³

et al. 2010

Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography

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Effects of hydrostatic pressure on microbial alteration of sinking fecal pellets

Cited by 69 publications

References 84 publications

Colonization in the Photic Zone and Subsequent Changes during Sinking Determine Bacterial Community Composition in Marine Snow

Colonization in the Photic Zone and Subsequent Changes during Sinking Determine Bacterial Community Composition in Marine Snow

Temperature effects on carbon-specific respiration rate and sinking velocity of diatom aggregates – potential implications for deep ocean export processes

Mesopelagic zone ecology and biogeochemistry – a synthesis

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