Effects of Human Disturbance on Use of Space and Flight Distance of Mountain Gazelles

Manor, Regev; Saltz, David

doi:10.2193/0022-541x(2005)69[1683:eohdou]2.0.co;2

Cited by 28 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Many wildlife species avoid areas with human activities, displacing such species into less suitable habitats, or negatively affecting the amount of time spent on parental care, foraging, resting and mating displays (Brubaker & Coss, , ; Burger, ; Gander & Ingold, ; Klein, Humphrey, & Percival, ; Manor, Saltz, & McCorquodale, ). However, certain species seemingly thrive within human‐altered habitats and can adapt to survive in urban environments by directly or indirectly increasing their fitness through exploiting human‐induced resources and benefits such as cultivated plants, garbage, decreased predation pressure and shelter (Kark, Iwaniuk, Schalimtzek, & Banker, ; McKinney, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human habituation reduces hyrax flight initiation distance in Serengeti

et al. 2019

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Many animal populations are exposed to disturbance originating from human activities. In response to human disturbance, certain animals display a variety of potentially costly behavioural responses, such as increased antipredator behaviour or relocation to new areas. In contrast, other animals seemingly thrive in the presence of humans and benefit from human‐derived resources. Flight initiation distance (FID: the distance between predator and prey when prey starts to flee) is a measure commonly used to assess animals’ tolerance to humans. In this study, we tested how FID changes in relation to human presence in two hyrax species in Serengeti National Park. Hyraxes living on kopjes (rock outcrops) among human settlements showed a significantly shorter FID than hyraxes living on kopjes without human settlements. In addition, we found that hyraxes feeding before the experiment had shorter FID than hyraxes resting or being vigilant, and hyraxes disturbed during the early morning had shorter FID than hyraxes disturbed during late morning. We did not find any significant effects of group size or species composition on FID. Our results suggest that hyraxes living in the presence of humans are habituated and are not adversely affected by human settlements.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human habituation reduces hyrax flight initiation distance in Serengeti

et al. 2019

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“…Other studies have compared the distribution patterns of animals with those of humans in areas used for recreation (Nellemann et al 2000;Jayakody 2005;Manor and Saltz 2005;Galanti et al 2006;George and Crooks 2006). In this study, our approach was to look at the direct consequences of recreational disturbance by tracking animals with GPS (Global Positioning System) collars.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Responses of red deer (Cervus elaphus) to regular disturbance by hill walkers

et al. 2011

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Disturbance to wildlife from human recreational activities is increasing as remote areas become accessible to greater numbers of people. We used Global Positioning System tracking collars to monitor the movements of red deer (Cervus elaphus) stags (n=8) in a herd whose feeding grounds lie close to a popular walking track in the Highlands of Scotland. The track is used by around 20,000 walkers per year and is busiest in summer and at weekends. In a 2-year study, the locations of collared deer were recorded at 2-h intervals on typically busy days (Sundays: mean number of walkers=204) and quiet days (Wednesdays: mean number of walkers=49) during May and June. The deer were consistently further from the track on Sundays than Wednesdays (371 vs 286 m) and moved greater distances between fixes (365 vs 308 m). The amount of time spent (percentage of total fixes) in the small area of grassland closest to the track was lower on Sundays than Wednesdays (6% vs 13%). Although 97% of walkers use the track during the day (between 0800 and 2000 h), there was no evidence of compensatory use of grassland at night, when the deer moved to higher ground dominated by heather moorland. The results demonstrate that animals which appear to be habituated to regular disturbance within their home territory may nevertheless alter their behaviour and potentially diet composition, as a result of that disturbance.

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“…This behavior is seen in many animal species, primarily mammals and birds [5,6] although evidence is almost null among primates or is based on anecdotal or tangential observations [7,8]. Moreover, a growing number of studies state that many antipredator behaviors that are deployed in natural habitats are also observed in humanized environments [9][10][11][12][13][14] in which human presence triggers analogue responses in animals to those exhibited with natural predators [9]. Thus, the human influence on animal behavior can be examined in terms of the predatory dynamic, separately considering the factors involved, such as minimizing time investments in risk areas, the optimal feeding time, anti-predator vigilance and/or the decrease/increase of specific behaviors depending on the perceived risk [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vigilance by Sentinels in a Group of Baboons (Papio hamadryas hamadryas) in a Zoo Setting

M¹

2014

J Primatol

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Vigilance by sentinels is an anti-predator strategy by which certain group members keep watch from strategic positions, while the group is involved in other activities. Many anti-predatory behavior patterns observed in natural habitats are also deployed similarly when provoked by human presence. This work is part of a study conducted with a group of hamadryas baboons (Papio h. hamadryas) in semi-freedom in a 15-hectare zoo complex with extensive human pressure. The animals make incursions into an adjoining high-risk area to access food resources, making use of vigilance with sentinels and other risk minimization strategies. Results reveal that human presence provokes similar reactions to natural predatory pressure, forcing them to select strategies to minimize the factors involved in risk perception, such as the degree of visibility of the surroundings, minimizing the length of the incursion and behavioral restrictions.

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Effects of Human Disturbance on Use of Space and Flight Distance of Mountain Gazelles

Cited by 28 publications

References 29 publications

Human habituation reduces hyrax flight initiation distance in Serengeti

Human habituation reduces hyrax flight initiation distance in Serengeti

Responses of red deer (Cervus elaphus) to regular disturbance by hill walkers

Vigilance by Sentinels in a Group of Baboons (Papio hamadryas hamadryas) in a Zoo Setting

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